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Abstract

This study examines the legal framework of carbon trading, focusing on a comparative analysis of global warming mitigation strategies in Indonesia and Brazil. Using a normative juridical method, this research analyzes legal instruments, policies, and international commitments that shape carbon trading mechanisms in both countries. The primary issue explored is the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks in facilitating carbon trading to mitigate climate change while ensuring environmental sustainability and economic growth. Both Indonesia and Brazil have established carbon trading regulations in line with their commitments under the Paris Agreement. However, their implementation strategies differ significantly. Indonesia employs a regulatory based approach through the Emissions Trading System (ETS) and a carbon tax, while Brazil relies on a market-driven strategy, leveraging its vast rainforest resources for carbon credit generation. Indonesia’s carbon market plays a crucial role in reducing emissions, but its success depends on regulatory certainty, transparency, and private sector participation. Meanwhile, Brazil has advanced its legal framework by enacting a regulated carbon market law, which strengthens emissions trading, market stability, and investor confidence. Despite these advancements, both countries face challenges related to enforcement, institutional capacity, and market readiness. A robust carbon trading framework requires legal certainty, strong institutions, and international cooperation. Indonesia can enhance its regulatory approach by incorporating Brazil’s structured legal framework, while Brazil can benefit from Indonesia’s regulatory mechanisms. Strengthening legal and institutional synergy between domestic and international frameworks is essential for achieving sustainable climate governance.

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Bahasa Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji kerangka hukum perdagangan karbon, dengan fokus pada analisis komparatif strategi mitigasi pemanasan global di Indonesia dan Brasil. Dengan menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, penelitian ini menganalisis instrumen hukum, kebijakan, dan komitmen internasional yang membentuk mekanisme perdagangan karbon di kedua negara. Isu utama yang dieksplorasi adalah efektivitas kerangka kerja regulasi dalam memfasilitasi perdagangan karbon untuk memitigasi perubahan iklim sekaligus memastikan keberlanjutan lingkungan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Baik Indonesia maupun Brasil telah menetapkan peraturan perdagangan karbon sejalan dengan komitmen mereka di bawah Perjanjian Paris. Akan tetapi, strategi implementasi mereka berbeda secara signifikan. Indonesia menggunakan pendekatan berbasis peraturan melalui Sistem Perdagangan Emisi (ETS) dan pajak karbon, sementara Brasil mengandalkan strategi berbasis pasar, dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya hutan hujannya yang luas untuk menghasilkan kredit karbon. Pasar karbon Indonesia memainkan peran penting dalam mengurangi emisi, namun keberhasilannya bergantung pada kepastian peraturan, transparansi, dan partisipasi sektor swasta. Sementara itu, Brasil telah memajukan kerangka hukumnya dengan memberlakukan undang-undang pasar karbon yang teregulasi, yang memperkuat perdagangan emisi, stabilitas pasar, dan kepercayaan investor. Terlepas dari kemajuan-kemajuan tersebut, kedua negara menghadapi tantangan terkait penegakan hukum, kapasitas kelembagaan, dan kesiapan pasar. Kerangka kerja perdagangan karbon yang kuat membutuhkan kepastian hukum, institusi yang kuat, dan kerja sama internasional. Indonesia dapat meningkatkan pendekatan peraturannya dengan menggabungkan kerangka hukum terstruktur Brasil, sementara Brasil dapat mengambil manfaat dari mekanisme peraturan Indonesia. Memperkuat sinergi hukum dan kelembagaan antara kerangka kerja domestik dan internasional sangat penting untuk mencapai tata kelola iklim yang berkelanjutan.

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