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Abstract

The use of temephos as larvicides in disease prevention Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia has been going on for 40 years. Larviciding very long led the resistance to temephos. Cloves, one of native Indonesia plant contains eugenol that are toxic to the insect’s body. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Zanzibar clove leaf essential oil compared to temephos in killing the larvae of Aedes aegypti. This study uses experimental laboratory research design. The samples are larvae of Aedes aegypti stage III. The mosquito larvae were classified into six groups, each given a clove leaf essential oil with different concentrations. Next will be observed the number of larvae that die after 24 hours. Based on statistical test p-value p < 0.05 it indicates there are differences in the average mortality in the test group, and post hoc analysis showed the test group with 100 ppm of essential oil is not a significant difference with temephos. This study suggests the essential oil of clove leaf varieties of Zanzibar has the same effectiveness with temephos in killing the larvae of Aedes aegypti.

Bahasa Abstract

Penggunaan temephos sebagai larvasida dalam pencegahan penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Indonesia sudah berlangsung selama 40 tahun. Penggunaan larvasida yang sangat lama ini memunculkan adanya resistensi terhadap temephos. Cengkeh, salah satu tanaman asli Indonesia mengandung eugenol yang bersifat racun pada tubuh serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efektifitas minyak atsiri daun cengkeh Zanzibar dibandingkan dengan temephos dalam membunuh larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian ekperimental laboratorik. Sampel yang digunakan adalah larva nyamuk A aegypti instar III. Larva nyamuk dikelompokan kedalam 6 kelompok, masing- masing diberikan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda. Selanjutnya akan diamati jumlah larva setelah 24 jam. Berdasarkan uji stastistik didapatkan nilai p < 0,05 hal ini menandakan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata kematian pada kelompok uji, dan analisa post hoc menunjukan pada kelompok uji dengan 100 ppm minyak atsiri tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan temephos. Dari penitian ini didapatkan minyak atsiri daun cengkeh varietas Zanzibar memiliki efektifitas larvasida yang sama dengan temephos dalam membunuh larva nyamuk A aegypti.

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