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Abstract

Kemangi (Ocimum americanum L.) is a well known plant that contains essential oils with citral as a major compound. Citral is reported to have beneficial effect on intestinal motility. In the present study, we investigated the effect of essential oil of kemangi leaves (Ocimum americanum L.) on male DDY mices intestinal motility. Thirty mices were divided into six groups and each group was pretreated with 0,2 ml of 0,5% CMC (negative control), 1 mg/kg BW of atropine sulfate (positive control), 5 mg/kg BW of citral (comparative control), and three dose variation of volatile oil of kemangi leaves (25 mg/kg BW; 50 mg/kg BW; 100 mg/kg BW) orally. All mices were given charcoal meal suspension 0,2 ml orally, and the animals were sacrificed. The percentage ratio and inhibition were analysed by measure the intestinal transit of charcoal. The results showed that the essential oil of kemangi leaves dose 100 mg/kg BW significantly (p < 0.05) reduced intestinal transit in mice with the percentage ihibition value of 59,79%. This value is not significant different (p > 0.05) compared with citral and atropine sulfate. It is concluded that the essential oil of kemangi leaves has potential effect as antispasmodic agent.

Bahasa Abstract

Kemangi (Ocimum americanum L.) merupakan tanaman yang telah dikenal mengandung minyak atsiri dengan sitral sebagai komponen utamanya. Sitral telah diketahui memiliki efek yang bermanfaat terhadap motilitas usus. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan ivestigasi terhadap efek minyak atsiri daun kemangi terhadap motilitas usus mencit DDY jantan. Sejumlah 30 ekor mencit dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, dan masing-masing kelompok diberi pra perlakuan 0,2 ml CMC 0,5% (kontrol negatif), atropin sulfat 1 mg/kg BB (kontrol positif), sitral 5 mg/kg BB (kontrol pembanding), dan tiga variasi dosis minyak atsiri daun kemangi (25 mg/kg BB; 50 mg/kg BB; 100 mg/kg BB) secara oral. Seluruh mencit diberikan suspensi karbon aktif sebanyak 0,2 ml secara oral, lalu dikorbankan. Persentase rasio dan hambatan dianalisis melalui pengukuran transit karbon aktif di dalam usus. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri daun kemangi dosis 100 mg/kg BB dapat mereduksi transit usus secara signifikan (p < 0.05) dengan persentase penghambatan sebesar 59,79%. Persentase ini tidak berbeda signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan sitral dan atropin sulfat. yang tidak berbeda secara signifikan (p > 0,05) dengan sitral dan atropin sulfat. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa minyak atsiri daun kemangi berpotensi sebagai agen antispasmodik.

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