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Abstract

Palm oil contains carotenoid and vitamin E which possess antioxidant properties. A long exposure of heat and chemical substances during the purification process may lower antioxidant activity. This research was conducted to compare antioxidant activity of carotenoid and vitamin E obtained from each stage of three continuous purification process (transesterification, solvolytic micellization, and saponification). Total carotenoid concentration was analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometer at λ 446 nm and total vitamin E concentration was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, while ester and triglyceride concentration were analyzed by gas chromatography. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH assay with incubation time in 60 minutes. The highest concentration of carotenoid (229,968 mcg/ml) was extracted from saponification process, yet the highest concentration of vitamin E (97.64 mcg/ml) was extracted from transesterification process. The highest antioxidant activity of carotenoids and vitamin E was obtained from the transesterification process, while other processes had lower antioxidant activity, so it can be concluded that exposure to heat and excessive chemical substances couldimpact on antioxidant activity.

Bahasa Abstract

Minyak kelapa sawit mengandung beberapa komponen minor yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, seperti karotenoid dan vitamin E. Pada proses pemurnian adanya paparan panas dan bahan kimia yang terlalu banyak dapat menurunkan aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan aktivitas antioksidan dari karotenoid dan vitamin E yang diperoleh dari setiap tahap pada proses pemurnian berkelanjutan (transesterifikasi, solvolitik miselisasi dan saponifikasi). Kadar total karotenoid ditentukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-visibel pada λ 446 nm dan total vitamin E dianalisis dengan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi, sedangkan analisis kandungan ester dan trigliserida dianalisis dengan kromatografi gas. Aktivitas antioksidan diuji dengan metode DPPH dengan masa inkubasi selama 60 menit. Hasil aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa karotenoid dan vitamin E pada proses transesterifikasi lebih kuat dibandingkan proses solvolitik miselisasi dan saponifikasi dengan nilai IC50 secara berurutan 5,61; 11,20; dan 11,63 mcg/ml. Hasil ekstraksi karotenoid sangat tinggi diperoleh pada proses saponifikasi sekitar 229.968 mcg/ml, sedangkan kandungan vitamin E tertinggi diperoleh pada proses solvolitik miselisasi sekitar 97,64 mcg/ml. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dari karotenoid dan vitamin E diperoleh dari proses transesterifikasi sedangkan proses lainnya mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan yang rendah, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa paparan panas dan bahan kimia yang berlebihan berdampak pada aktivitas antioksidan.

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