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Abstract

This article explains how power-sharing could determine conflict resolution in develo¬ping states, particularly in developing countries. This scheme offers a win-win solution between state actors and the separatist movements to curb conflict and initiate pe¬ace-building at the grassroots level. Using a quantitative analysis that employed data¬sets from Power-Sharing Event Dataset (PSED) and Implementation of Pacts Dataset (IMPACT), this article notably reveals two important findings. First, the most promising power-sharing schemes are territorial and political power-sharing. Furthermore, the preliminary talk about ideal power-sharing consensus between the state actors and rebel groups is important to determine the outcome of power-sharing policies. Finally, this article concludes that the state capacity shows the final conflict resolution. Strong states can manage ethnic conflict, while weak state capacity could exacerbate the ethnic conflict.

Bahasa Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan potensi pembagian kekuasaan (power-sharing) sebagai kunci utama dalam konflik etnis, khususnya di negara-negara berkembang. Adapun skema pembagian kekuasaan ini sebenarnya menawarkan mengenai adanya solusi positif yang seimbang dan setara antara aktor negara dengan kelompok separatis dalam memutus konflik dan kemudian beralih menginisiasi adanya perdamaian di level akar rumput. Dengan menggunakan analisa kuantitatif melalui analisis dataset yang dikembangkan oleh Power Sharing Event Dataset (PSED) and Implementation of Pacts Dataset (IMPACT), artikel ini menunjukkan dua termuan penting. Pertama, skema contoh pembagian kekuasaan yang menjanjikan adalah pembagian wilayah utamanya lewat pemekaran daerah dan pembagian kewenangan politik antara aktor negara dengan kelompok-kelompok separatis. Temuan kedua adalah pembicaraan negosiasi pembagian kekuasaan yang ideal sebelumnya antara para aktor negara dengan kelompok separatis menjadi relevan dalam nantinya menghasilkan kesepakatan pembagian kekuasaan yang terikat hukum antara aktor pemerintah dengan aktor separatis. Konklusi dari studi ini adalah kapasitas negara menjadi faktor penting dalam mengelola konflik. Kapasitas negara yang kuat akan mampu untuk mengelola konflik sedangkan kapasitas negara yang lemah malah justru memperburuk konflik tersebut.

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