•  
  •  
 

Abstract

Optical relaying is the best technique to implement free-space optical (FSO) communications as a terrestrial platform. However, atmospheric turbulence (AT) limits the optical-propagation path length. In this study, the implementation of some optical amplifiers (OAs) in cascaded configuration, namely, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, semiconductor OAs, and Raman amplifiers (RAs), are investigated through simulation. This study aims to search for the maximum link distance of an optical propagation and enhance the FSO performance caused by each configuration of OAs. The optical relaying network consists of three nodes, with each node designed with a space of several kilometers under the influence of AT. At the end of the destination, before the receiver, an optical band-pass filter is applied to perform noise filtering. Among the OAs in the cascaded configuration, the RA can expand the link distance of the optical-propagation path length to a range of 14.7–15.9 Km under the influence of a strong AT. The signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate of the system are in the ranges of 24.1– 19.08 dB and 7.9 × 10−15–7.4 × 10−6, respectively.

References

  1. A. Sharma, S. Chaudhary, D. Thakur, V. Dhasratan, J. Opt. Commun. 41/2 (2020) 177.
  2. V. Sharma, S. Kumar, Optik. 124/20 (2013) 4529.
  3. S. Chaudhary, S. Choudhary, X. Tang, X. Wei, J. Opt. Commun. (2020).
  4. S. Chaudhary, P. Bansal, G. Singh, Int. J. Comput. Appl. 75/1 (2013) 34.
  5. V. Sharma, S. Chaudhary, Int. J. Comput. Appl. 58/8 (2012) 37.
  6. S. Chaudhary, N. Chaudhary, S. Sharma, B.C. Choudhary, J. Opt. Commun. 39/1 (2017) 87.
  7. A. Sharma, J. Malhotra, S. Chaudhary, V. Thappa, Optik. 227 (2021) 165250.
  8. K.K. Upadhyay, N.K. Shukla, S. Chaudhary, Optik. 202 (2020) 163665.
  9. A. Sharma, S. Kaur, S. Chaudhary, Opt. Quant. Electron. 53/5 (2021) 239.
  10. A. Amphawan, S. Chaudhary, Z. Ghassemlooy, T.K. Neo, Opt. Commun. 467 (2020) 125539.
  11. S. Chaudhary, A. Amphawan, Int. J. Electron. Lett. 7/3 (2019) 304.
  12. S. Chaudhary, A. Amphawan, Opt. Eng. 56/11 (2017) 116112.
  13. A. Amphawan, S. Chaudhary, R. Din, M.N. Omar, 2015 IEEE 11th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its Applications (CSPA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2015, p.145.
  14. A. Amphawan, S. Chaudhary, V. Chan, Opt. Commun. 431 (2019) 245.
  15. S. Cai, Z. Zhang, X. Chen, Opt. Commun. 439 (2019) 164.
  16. S. Cai, Z. Zhang, X. Chen, J. Lightwave Technol. 37/9 (2019) 2042.
  17. M.T. Dabiri, S.M.S. Sadough, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 10/2 (2018) 79.
  18. I.E. Lee, Z. Ghassemlooy, W.P. Ng, V. Gourdel, M.A. Khalighi, S. Zvanovec, et al. 2014 9th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks & Digital Sign (CSNDSP), Manchester, UK, 2014, p.368.
  19. I.B. Djordjevic, Opt. Expres. 19/15 (2011) 14277.
  20. T. Plank, E. Leitgeb, P. Pezzei, Z. Ghassemlooy, 2012 17th European Conference on Networks and Optical Communications, Vilanova i la Geltru, Spain, 2012.
  21. S. Kumar, P. Singh, In: J. Kacprzyk (Ed.), Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Springer, Singapore, 2019, p.47.
  22. Y. Zheng, S. Zhao, Y. Liu, X. Ding, 2016 15th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN), Hangzhou, 2016.
  23. H. Kaushal, G. Kaddoum, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tut. 19/1 (2016) 57.
  24. Raj, A.A.B., Krishnan, P., Darusalam, U., Kaddoum, G., Ghassemlooy, Z., Abadi, M.M., Majumdar, A.K. and Ijaz, M., 2023. Electronics, 12(8), p. 1922.
  25. Djordjevic, G.T., Petkovic, M.I., Cvetkovic, A.M. and Karagiannidis, G.K., 2015. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 33(9), pp. 1935- 1948.
  26. S. Li, L. Yang, J. Zhang, P.S. Bithas, T.A. Tsiftsis, M.S. Alouini, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 21/12 (2022) 10996.
  27. G. Xu, Z. Song, IEEE Inte. Things J. 9/8 (2021) 5730.
  28. E. Balti, M. Guizani, B. Hamdaoui, B. Khalfi, IEEE Trans. Commun. 66/3 (2017) 1110.
  29. E. Erdogan, I. Altunbas, G.K. Kurt, H. Yanikomeroglu, IEEE Photo. J. 14/1 (2021) 1.
  30. A.H.A. El-Malek, A.M. Salhab, S.A. Zummo, M.S. Alouini, M.S. J. Lightwave Technol. 35/9 (2017) 1490.
  31. A.M. Salhab, F.S. Al-Qahtani, R.M. Radaydeh, S.A. Zummo, H. Alnuweiri, J. Lightwave Technol. 34/13 (2016) 3259.
  32. M. Najafi, V. Jamali, R. Schober, IEEE Trans. Commun. 65/7 (2017) 2794.
  33. N. Sharma, A. Bansal, P. Garg, Trans. Emerg. Telecomm. Technol. 28/4 (2017) e3010.
  34. N. Varshney, A.K. Jagannatham, P.K. Varshney, IEEE Trans. Cogn. Commun. Netw. 4/3 (2018) 544.
  35. B. Zhu, J. Cheng, M.S. Alouini, L. Wu, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun. 14/9 (2015) 5240.
  36. Y. Zheng, S. Zhao, Y. Liu, X. Ding, 2016 15th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN), Hangzhou, 2016.
  37. M.Q.Vu, N.T.T. Nguyen, H.T.T. Pham, N.T. Dang, Physical Communication, 31 (2018) 218.
  38. M.Q. Vu, N.T.T. Nguyen, M.B. Vu, H.T.T. Phan, H.T.T. Pham, N.T. Dang, 2017 4th NAFOSTED Conference on Information and Computer Science, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2017, p.120.
  39. M.Q. Vu, H.T.T. Pham, T.A. Pham, N.T. Dang, 2016 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC), Hanoi, Vietnam, 2016, p.350.
  40. P.V. Trinh, T.C. Thang, A.T. Pham, 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2016.
  41. P.V. Trinh, N.T. Dang, A.T. Pham, 2015. J. Lightwave Technol. 33/19 (2015) 4132.
  42. N.A. Nor, Z. Ghassemlooy, S. Zvanovec, M.A. Khalighi, M.R. Bhatnagar, J. Bohata, et al. Opt. Switching Netw. 33 (2019) 194.
  43. N.A.M. Nor, Z. Ghassemlooy, J. Bohata, P. Saxena, M. Komanec, S. Zvanovec, et al. J. Lightwave Technol. 35/1 (2016) 45.
  44. N.A.M. Nor, Z. Ghassemlooy, S. Zvanovec, M.A. Khalighi, 2015. 2015 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2015, p.289.
  45. S.M. Molla Aghajanzadeh, M. Uysal, 2015 IEEE Trans. Commun. 63/11 (2015) 4314.
  46. J. Libich, M. Komanec, S. Zvanovec, P. Pesek, W.O. Popoola, Z. Ghassemlooy, Opt. Lett. 40/3 (2015) 391.
  47. R. Boluda-Ruiz, A. García-Zambrana, C. Castillo-Vázquez, B. Castillo-Vázquez, S. Hranilovic, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 10/5 (2018) 545.
  48. P. Wang, T. Cao, L. Guo, X. Liu, H. Fu, R. Wang, et al. IEEE Photo. Technol. Lett. 28/16 (2016) 1747.
  49. P.K. Sharma, A. Bansal, P. Garg, T. Tsiftsis, R. Barrios, IET Commun. 11/1 (2017) 45.
  50. D. Agarwal, A. Bansal, J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 11/3 (2019) 95.
  51. B. Makki, T. Svensson, M. Brandt-Pearce, M.S. Alouini, 2017. 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), San Francisco, CA, USA, 2017.
  52. Kazemlou, S. Hranilovic, S. Kumar, J. Lightwave Technol. 29/18 (2011) 2663.
  53. E. Bayaki, D.S. Michalopoulos, R. Schober, IEEE Tran. Commun. 60/12 (2012) 3797.
  54. T. Ivaniga, P. Ivaniga, Adv. Opt. Technol. (2017) 9053582.
  55. F. Hossain, Int. J. Sci. Res. 3 (2014) 235.
  56. A. Thakur, S. Nagpal, J. Opt. Commun. 41/1 (2019) 9.
  57. Y. Hu, S. Cai, B. Gong, Z. Zhang, Opt. Soc. Am. (2019) JM5A-52.
  58. F. Jamali, M.J. Emadi, H. Saeedi, 2019 Iran Workshop on Communication and Information Theory (IWCIT), Tehran, Iran, 2019.
  59. N.A.M. Nor, Z. Ghassemlooy, S. Zvanovec, M.A. Khalighi, M.R. Bhatnagar, 2016 10th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP), Prague, Czech Republic, 2016.
  60. J.K. Sahota, D. Dhawan, J. Opt. Commun. 41/4 (2018) 339.
  61. G. Sharma, L. Tharani, 2018 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), Chennai, India, 2018, p.0653.
  62. K. Zong, J. Zhu, J. Opt. Soc. Korea. 19/5 (2015) 437

Additional Files
Response to reviewers 28 Sept 2023.docx (20 kB)
Author Response
Ucuk Makara 2 Oktober 2023.docx (2303 kB)
revised paper in docx
Ucuk Makara 2 Oktober 2023.pdf (1144 kB)
revised paper in PDF
Download

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.