Comparison of Phytoremediation and Filtration for Diamond-mine-tailings Water Treatment

Authors

M. Hafidhuddin Noor, Doctoral Program, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, ULM Campus Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, IndonesiaFollow
Mijani Rahman, Department of Water Resource Management, Fishery and Marine Science Faculty, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, ULM Campus Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, Indonesia
Akhmad Gazali, Doctoral Program, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, ULM Campus Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, Indonesia
Nia Kania, Medical Faculty, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, ULM Campus Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, Indonesia
Aulia Rahma, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, ULM Campus Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, Indonesia
Erdina L.A. Rampun, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, ULM Campus Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, Indonesia
Amalia E. Pratiwi, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, ULM Campus Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, Indonesia
Muthia Elma, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, ULM Campus Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan 70714, Indonesia

Abstract

The water pollution caused by diamond mine activities can kill aquatic life. In this work, we used phytoremediation and filtration to treat pond water polluted by the tailings of a diamond mine located in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Einchhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) was utilized as the biomass for the phytoremediation process. Gravel (10–15 mm) and sand (0.1–1 mm) were used as filter media in the simple filtration setup, using an up-flow system (bottom to top). In the experiment, 16 L of diamond tailing water was poured into five phytoremediation reactors (each 60 L in volume), which were then tested over seven days. A pretreatment analysis of the tailings water showed that its biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 8.9 mg L−1 and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 22 mg L−1 exceeded the national maximum standards of 2 mg L−1 and 10 mg L−1, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that both phytoremediation and filtration could increase the dissolved oxygen concentration (4.7 mg.L−1) and reduce the BOD (3.2 mg.L−1), COD (6.5 mg.L−1), Fe (0.6 mg.L−1), Mn (0.16 mg.L−1), and ammonia (0.63 mg.L−1) concentrations from those measured in the raw diamond-mine-tailings water. The phytoremediation performance was better than that of filtration. The COD values were successfully reduced to the permissible limit, although the other parameters still failed to meet the government water quality regulation requirements.

Bahasa Abstract

Metode Perbandingan antara Proses Fitoremediasi dan Proses Filtrasi Sederhana untuk Mengolah Air Bekas Galian Tambang Intan. Polusi air yang disebabkan aktivitas pertambangan dapat membunuh kehidupan akuatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah air tercemar bekas galian tambang intan di Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia menggunakan proses fitoremediasi dan filtrasi sederhana. Eichornia Crassipes (eceng gondok) digunakan sebagai biomassa selama proses fitoremediasi. Media penyaring seperti kerikil (10-15 mm) dan pasir (0,1-1 mm) ditambahkan ke dalam reaktor filtrasi sederhana yang memiliki aliran atas (dari bawah ke atas). 16 L air bekas galian tambang intan dituangkan ke dalam 5 reaktor (volume 60 L) dan di uji selama 7 hari pada proses fitoremediasi menggunakan metode batch. Analisis pra-perlakuan air tercemar bekas galian tambang menunjukkan BOD sebesar 8,9 mg.L-1 dan COD sebesar 22 mg.L-1 melebihi maksimum nasional yaitu 2 dan 10 mg.L-1, berturut-turut. Berdasarkan eksperimen, fitoremediasi dan filtrasi memiliki kemampuan untuk meningkatkan DO (4.7 mg.L-1) dan mengurangi BOD (3.2 mg.L-1), COD (6.5 mg.L-1), Fe (0.6 mg.L-1), Mn (0.16 mg.L-1) serta ammonia (0.63 mg.L-1) dari nilai awal air bekas galian tambang. Fitoremediasi menghasilkan performa lebih baik dalam penyisihan dibandingkan filtrasi. Nilai akhir COD memenuhi baku mutu, sedangkan parameter lain tidak memenuhi peraturan pemerintah mengenai kualitas air.

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Recommended Citation

Noor, M. Hafidhuddin; Rahman, Mijani; Gazali, Akhmad; Kania, Nia; Rahma, Aulia; Rampun, Erdina L.A.; Pratiwi, Amalia E.; and Elma, Muthia (2020) "Comparison of Phytoremediation and Filtration for Diamond-mine-tailings Water Treatment," Makara Journal of Technology: Vol. 24: Iss. 1, Article 7.
DOI: 10.7454/mst.v24i1.3821
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjt/vol24/iss1/7