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Abstract

Mechanical strengths of materials are widely expected in general constructions of any building. These properties depend on its formation (cold/hot forming) during fabrication. This research was carried out on cold-rolled stainless steel (SS) 304 plates, which were deformed to 0, 34, 84, and 152% reduction in thickness. The tests were conducted using Vickers method. Ultra micro indentation system (UMIS) 2000 was used to determine the mechanical properties of the material, i.e.: hardness, modulus elasticity, and residual stresses. The microstructures showed lengthening outcropping due to stress corrosion cracking for all specimens. It was found that the tensile residual stress in a specimen was maximum, reaching 442 MPa, for a sample reducing 34% in thickness and minimum; and about 10 MPa for a 196% sample. The quantities showed that the biggest residual stress caused lowering of the proportional limit of material in stress-strain curves. The proportional modulus elasticity varied between 187 GPa and of about 215 GPa and was free from residual stresses.

Bahasa Abstract

Independensi Elastisitas pada Tegangan Sisa Plat Baja Tahan Karat 304 Rol Temperatur Kamar untuk Bahan Struktur. Kekuatan mekanik bahan secara umum sangat dibutuhkan pada setiap konstruksi bangunan apapun. Sifat mekanik bahan ini dapat diperoleh bergantung pada cara pembentukannya (dingin atau panas) selama fabrikasi. Telah dilakukan penelitian pada plat SS 304 rol dingin, yang dideformasi 0, 34, 84, dan 152% reduksi ketebalan. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode Vickers menggunakan ultra micro indentasi system (UMIS) 2000 untuk menentukan sifat mekanik material yaitu: kekerasan, modulus elastisitas dan tegangan sisa. Struktur mikro untuk semua spesimen memperlihatkan lempengan memanjang akibat stress corrosion cracking. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa tegangan sisa tarik pada spesimen maksimum; mencapai 442 MPa untuk sampel 34% reduksi ketebalan dan minimum; sekitar 10 MPa untuk sampel 196% reduksi. Kuantitas ini menunjukkan bahwa tegangan sisa terbesar mampu menurunkan batas proporsional bahan dalam kurva tegangan-regangan. Proporsional modulus elastisitas bervariasi sekitar antara 187 GPa dan 215 GPa dan nilainya tidak bergantung pada besaran tegangan sisa.

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