Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Hydrodinamic Cavitation

Authors

Muhammad Dani Supardan, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaFollow
Satriana Satriana, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Mahlinda Mahlinda, Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Banda Aceh, Lamteumen Timur, Banda Aceh 23236, Indonesia

Abstract

The aim of this research was to study biodiesel production from low cost feedstock of waste cooking oil (WCO) using hydrodynamic cavitation apparatus. A two-step processes esterification process and transesterification process using hydrodynamic cavitation for the production of biodiesel from WCO is presented. The first step is acid-catalyzed esterification process for reducing free fatty acid (FFA) content of WCO and followed by base-catalyzed transesterification process for converting WCO to biodiesel as the second step. The result of esterification process with methanol to oil molar ratio of 5 and temperature of 60 oC showed that the initial acid value of WCO of 3.9 mg KOH/g can be decreased to 1.81 mg KOH/g in 120 minutes. The highest yield of biodiesel in transesterification process of 89.4% obtained at reaction time of 150 minutes with methanol to oil molar ratio of 6. The biodiesel produced in the experiment was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which showed that it mainly contained five fatty acid methyl esters. In addition, the properties of biodiesel showed that all of the fuel properties met the Indonesian National Standard (INS) No. 04-7182-2006 for biodiesel.

Bahasa Abstract

Produksi Biodiesel dari Minyak Goreng Bekas Menggunakan Kavitasi Hidrodinamik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses produksi biodiesel dari minyak goreng bekas menggunakan peralatan kavitasi hidrodinamik. Proses produksi biodiesel dilakukan dalam 2 (dua) tahap. Tahap pertama adalah proses esterifikasi menggunakan katalis asam yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan kandungan asam lemak bebas dalam minyak goreng bekas. Pada tahap kedua dilakukan proses transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis basa untuk mengkonversi minyak menjadi biodiesel. Hasil penelitian proses esterifikasi dengan perbandingan molar metanol terhadap minyak 5:1 dan temperatur 60 oC menunjukkan bilangan asam awal minyak goreng bekas sebesar 3,9 mg KOH/g dapat diturunkan menjadi 1,81 mg KOH/g dalam waktu 120 menit. Pada proses transesterifikasi, rendemen biodiesel tertinggi sebesar 89,4% diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 150 menit dengan rasio molar metanol terhadap minyak 6:1. Analisis komponen biodiesel menggunakan kromatografi gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS) menunjukkan biodiesel terdiri dari 5 (lima) metil ester asam lemak dominan yaitu metil oleat, metil palmitat, metil linoleat, metil stearat dan metil miristat. Selain itu, beberapa parameter biodiesel yang diuji telah memenuhi persyaratan SNI No. 04-7182-2006.

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Recommended Citation

Supardan, Muhammad Dani; Satriana, Satriana; and Mahlinda, Mahlinda (2012) "Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Hydrodinamic Cavitation," Makara Journal of Technology: Vol. 16: Iss. 2, Article 10.
DOI: 10.7454/mst.v16i2.1515
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjt/vol16/iss2/10