Substrates Preparation from Woody Tropical Waste Biomass for Biohydrogen Production

Authors

Dwi Susilaningsih, Research Centre for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong - Bogor, 16911, IndonesiaFollow
Theresia Umi Harwati, Research Centre for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong - Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
Khairul Anam, Research Centre for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong - Bogor, 16911, Indonesia
Yopi Yopi, Research Centre for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong - Bogor, 16911, Indonesia

Abstract

Substrates Preparation from Woody Tropical Waste Biomass for Biohydrogen Production. Addressing to the global warming problem, energy crisis and pollution, hydrogen production by micro-organisms using biotechnological approach should be considered, since it fulfils the recent society requirement to safely produce, renewable and environmental friendly energy. Hydrogen is one of the most promising green energy sources, because it is easily converted to electricity and cleanly combustible. There are three types of micro-organisms for hydrogen production, the first is cyanobacteria through the photosynthesis process, the second is anaerobic bacteria, which use organic substances as electron donor and energy and convert them to hydrogen, the third is photosynthetic bacteria, somewhat between photosynthetic and anaerobic bacteria, which are capable of converting the organic substances to hydrogen at a fairly high rate. We propose to use the abundant waste biomasses in Indonesia for hydrogen production by the microbial system. Our focus research is the production of hydrogen from waste biomasses by two-stage fermentation systems, which combine the conversion process of monomer biomasses to lactic acid by Lactobacillus sp. and the conversion process of lactic acid to hydrogen by photosynthetic bacteria. In this research, two kind substrates preparation were apply for woody waste biomass such as chemical hydrolysis and biological methods with several treatments. The results of the substrate preparation state showed that hydrolyses process of biomasses using strong acid are yielded total sugar about 70-90% of previous original content. Moreover, hydrolyses process using weak/diluted acid are yielded total sugar about 4-30% of original sugar. Furthermore, the biological treatments of degradation of woody waste biomasses are yielded total sugar about 0-10% (by single culture) and 10-50% (by consortium). Those hydrolysates substrates will use for fermentation two stages of lactate fermentation and conversion by photosynthetic bacteria in order to produce hydrogen gas.

Bahasa Abstract

Berkaitan dengan masalah pemanasan global, krisis energi dan polusi, produksi hidrogen oleh mikroorganisma melalui pendekatan bioteknologi, sudah selayaknya menjadi pertimbangan untuk memenuhi permintaan kriteria asosiasi masa kini yaitu produk yang aman, dapat didaur ulang dan ramah lingkungan. Hidrogen, salah satu energi hijau yang menjanjikan, dapat dikonversi menjadi listrik dengan mudah tanpa menimbulkan zat beracun. Ada tiga tipe mikroorganisma yang dapat memproduksi hidrogen, sianobakteria melalui sistem fotosintesis, mikroba an-aerob yang dapat mengubah substrat organik, sebagai donor elektron, menjadi hidrogen dan bakteri fotosintetik yang mempunyai sistem diantara fotosintesis dan an-aerob dengan tingkat yang cukup. Kami mengajukan limbah biomasa yang melimpah di Indonesia untuk digunakan dalam produksi hidrogen dengan memanfaatkan agen mikroba. Fokus penelitian kami adalah produksi hidrogen menggunakan limbah biomasa kekayuan melalui dua step fermentasi, yaitu dengan mengkombinasikan konversi monomer hasil hidrolisa limbah biomasa kekayuan menjadi asam laktat melalui bakteri laktat (Lactobacillus sp) dan konversi laktat menjadi hidrogen dengan menggunakan bakteri fotosintetik. Ada dua metode preparasi substrat limbah biomasa kekayuan digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu hidrolisa secara kimia dan hidrolisa secara biologi dengan berbagai faktor. Hasil analisa menunjukkan preparasi substrat secara kimia dengan menggunakan asam kuat menghasilkan 70-90% gula tereduksi dibandingkan kadar gula awal. Sedangkan hasil dari hidrolisa menggunakan asam encer memperoleh gula tereduksi sebesar 4-30% dari gula awal. Selanjutnya hidrolisa secara biologi menunjukkan hasil hidrolisa mempunyai kandungan gula sebesar 0-10% dari gula awal dalam treatment kultur tunggal dan 10-50% jumlah gula dibanding kadar awal diperoleh pada treatment konsorsium mikroba. Hasil hidrolisa ini akan digunakan sebagai substrat dalam proses fermentasi asam laktat dan konversi asam laktat menjadi gas hidrogen secara bertingkat.

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Recommended Citation

Susilaningsih, Dwi; Harwati, Theresia Umi; Anam, Khairul; and Yopi, Yopi (2008) "Substrates Preparation from Woody Tropical Waste Biomass for Biohydrogen Production," Makara Journal of Technology: Vol. 12: Iss. 1, Article 6.
DOI: 10.7454/mst.v12i1.521
Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/mjt/vol12/iss1/6