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Abstract

The Board of Directors, as a corporate organ, holds full authority and responsibility for

the management and administration of the company’s business activities, including the

management of corporate finances; therefore, every policy decision taken may give rise

to legal consequences if it causes losses to the company or other parties. Corporate law

recognizes the Business Judgment Rule as a form of legal protection for Directors with

respect to business decisions made in good faith, with due care, and based on adequate

information; however, this principle is not absolute and cannot be invoked to justify

unlawful conduct. This research aims to analyze the form and legal basis of Directors’

liability in cases of unlawful acts in the management of corporate finances under Law

Number 40 of 2007 on Limited Liability Companies, as well as to examine the application

of the Business Judgment Rule to Directors’ actions that are alleged to constitute civil

unlawful acts, using Supreme Court Decision Number 915 K/Pdt/2017 as a case study.

The research employs a doctrinal legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and

case approaches. The findings indicate that Directors cannot rely on the Business

Judgment Rule when their actions contravene the law, the principles of Good Corporate

Governance, and the normative rights of other parties, thereby fulfilling the elements of

an unlawful act as stipulated in Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code.

Bahasa Abstract

Direksi sebagai organ perseroan memiliki kewenangan dan tanggung jawab penuh dalam

pengurusan serta pengelolaan kegiatan usaha, termasuk pengelolaan keuangan perseroan,

sehingga setiap kebijakan yang diambil berpotensi menimbulkan konsekuensi hukum

apabila mengakibatkan kerugian bagi perseroan atau pihak lain. Hukum korporasi

mengenal prinsip Business Judgment Rule sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap Direksi

atas keputusan bisnis yang diambil dengan itikad baik, kehati-hatian, dan berdasarkan

informasi yang memadai, namun prinsip ini tidak bersifat absolut dan tidak dapat

digunakan untuk membenarkan tindakan yang melanggar hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan

untuk menganalisis bentuk dan dasar hukum pertanggungjawaban Direksi dalam hal

terjadinya perbuatan melawan hukum dalam pengelolaan keuangan perseroan berdasarkan

Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas, serta mengkaji

penerapan prinsip Business Judgment Rule terhadap tindakan Direksi yang diduga

melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum secara keperdataan, dengan studi kasus Putusan

Mahkamah Agung Nomor 915 K/Pdt/2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah

metode penelitian doktrinal dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan,

konseptual, dan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Direksi tidak dapat berlindung

pada prinsip Business Judgment Rule apabila tindakan yang dilakukan bertentangan

dengan hukum, prinsip Good Corporate Governance, serta melanggar hak normatif pihak

lain, sehingga memenuhi unsur perbuatan melawan hukum sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata.

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