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Abstract

Although Article 1243 of the Civil Code limits compensation for breach of contract to material damages, judicial practice reveals a disparity in addressing immaterial damage claims. This study analyzes judicial considerations in the Semarang District Court (housing dispute) and South Jakarta District Court (bag business dispute) decisions using Economic Analysis of Law and Gustav Radbruch’s Legal Philosophy. The results indicate a rational Functional Dualism. The Semarang Court adopted a progressive stance by granting the claim for substantive Justice, justified by the Radbruch Formula to correct injustice regarding basic human needs. Conversely, the South Jakarta Court adopted a positivistic stance by rejecting the claim for Legal Certainty, justified by economic analysis to maintain market efficiency and prevent cost uncertainty. This study recommends that the Supreme Court issue guidelines on the standard of proof for immaterial damages to ensure proportional legal certainty and justice.

Bahasa Abstract

Meskipun Pasal 1243 KUHPerdata membatasi ganti rugi wanprestasi hanya pada aspek materiil, praktik peradilan menunjukkan adanya disparitas dalam menyikapi tuntutan kerugian immateriil. Penelitian ini menganalisis pertimbangan hakim dalam Putusan PN Semarang (sengketa perumahan) dan PN Jakarta Selatan (sengketa bisnis tas) menggunakan pendekatan Analisis Ekonomi Hukum (Economic Analysis of Law) dan Filsafat Hukum Gustav Radbruch. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya Dualisme Fungsional yang rasional. PN Semarang bersikap progresif mengabulkan gugatan demi Keadilan substantif, yang terjustifikasi oleh Rumus Radbruch untuk mengoreksi ketidakadilan pada kebutuhan dasar manusia. Sebaliknya, PN Jakarta Selatan bersikap positivistik menolak gugatan demi Kepastian Hukum, yang terjustifikasi oleh analisis ekonomi untuk menjaga efisiensi pasar dan mencegah ketidakpastian biaya (cost uncertainty). Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar Mahkamah Agung menerbitkan pedoman standar pembuktian ganti rugi immateriil untuk menjamin kepastian dan keadilan yang proporsional.

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