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Jurnal Sosial Humaniora Terapan

Abstract

The invention of increasingly sophisticated technology and an increasingly connected world has changed the nature of terror groups from "traditional terrorism" to "sophisticated terrorism". This change complicates the task of security forces because to be able to fight them, the authorities are required to be sophisticated as well. Starting from the concept of the "ring of security" information, which reveals that successful intelligence gathering will help prevent terrorism attacks. This research aims to illustrate the importance of utilizing Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) to raise the level of sophistication of the apparatus in intelligence gathering in countering terrorism. This research is descriptive qualitative research with secondary data analysis collected through literature review. The main argument of this research is: OSINT is still under-exploited as a source of intelligence information in Indonesia. This is due to the collection of intelligence information from OSINT sources by intelligence agencies that are still very closed so there is no room for collaboration between intelligence agencies and both academics and OSINT practitioners. In fact, when OSINT is used optimally, it can be a solution to increase the effectiveness of counter-terror strategies by quickly identifying the roots of radicalism in online communities which not only increases the capability and opportunity to prevent terrorism attacks, but can also identify attack plans and early signs or signals of terrorist acts.

Bahasa Abstract

Penemuan teknologi yang semakin canggih dan dunia yang semakin terhubung, mengubah nature kelompok teror dari “terorisme tradisional” menjadi “terorisme canggih”. Perubahan ini mempersulit tugas aparat keamanan karena untuk dapat melawan mereka, aparat dituntut untuk menjadi canggih pula. Berangkat dari konsep informasi “ring of security” yang mengungkap bahwa pengumpulan informasi intelijen yang berhasil akan membantu mencegah serangan terorisme. Riset ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pentingnya pemanfaatan Open Source Intelligent (OSINT) untuk menaikkan level kecanggihan aparat dalam pengumpulan informasi intelijen dalam melawan terorisme. Riset ini adalah riset kualitatif deskriptif dengan analisis data sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui studi Pustaka. Argumen utama riset ini adalah: OSINT masih kurang dieksploitasi sebagai sebuah sumber informasi intelijen di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pengumpulan informasi intelijen dari sumber OSINT oleh badan intelijen yang masih sangat tertutup sehingga belum ada ruang kolaborasi antara badan intelijen baik dengan akademisi maupun praktisi OSINT. Padahal, ketika OSINT digunakan secara maksimal, OSINT dapat menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas strategi kontra-teror dengan mengidentifikasi secara cepat akar radikalisme dalam komunitas online yang bukan hanya meningkatkan kapabilitas dan kesempatan untuk mencegah serangan terorisme, tetapi juga dapat mengidentifikasi rencana serangan dan tanda atau sinyal awal aksi terorisme di Indonesia.

References

Books:

Akhgar, B. (2016). OSINT as an Integral Part of the National Security Apparatus. Dalam B.Akhgar, P. Bayerl, & F. Sampson, Open Source Intelligence: From Strategy to Implementation (hal. 3-10). New York: Springer International Publishing.

Amble, J. C. (2014). Jihad Online: What Militant Groups Say About Themselves and What it Means for Counterterrorism Strategy. Dalam C. Hobbs, M. Moran, & D. Salisbury, Open Source Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century New Approaches and Opportunities (hal. 168-184). London : Palgrave Macmillan.

Gibson, S. D. (2014). Exploring the Role and Value of Open Source Intelligence. Dalam C. Hobbs, M. Moran, & D. Salisbury, Open Source Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century: New Approaches and Opportunities (hal. 9-23). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Higgins, E. (2016). A New Age of Open Source Investigation: International Example. Dalam B. Akhgar, P. Bayerl, & F. Sampson, Open Source Intelligence: From Strategy to Implementation (hal. 189-196). New York: Springer International Publishing.

Marzell, L. (2016). OSINT as Part of the Strategic National Security Landscape. Dalam B. Akhgar, P. Bayerl, & F. Sampson, Open Source Intelligence: From Strategy to Implementation (hal. 33-56). New York:Springer International Publisher.

Omand, D., Miller, C., & Bartlett, J. (2014). Towards the Discipline of Social Media Intelligence. Dalam C. Hobbs, M. Moran, & D. Salisbury, Open Source Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century (hal. 24-43). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Staniforth, A. (2016). Open Source Intelligence and the Protection of National Security. Dalam B. Akhgar, P. Bayerl, & F. Sampson, Open Source Intelligence: From Strategy to Implementation (hal. 11-20). New York: Springer International Publishing.

Wibberley, S., & Miller, C. (2014). Detecting Events from Twitter: Situational Awareness in the Age of Social Media. Dalam C. Hobbs, M. Moran, & D. Salisbury, Open Source Intelligence in the Twenty-First Century New Approaches and Opportunities (hal. 147167). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Journals:

Mahyudin, E. (2016). Tantangan Intelijen dalam Kontra-terorisme di Indonesia: Suatu Pandangan. Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol.1, No.1, 23-35.

Tow, J., & Yeo, W. (2005, August 03). The Role of Open Source Intelligence in The Global War on Terror. Diambil kembali dari S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies: https://www.rsis.edu.sg/rsispublication/idss/712-the-role-of-open-sourceintell/#.YG1bbD8xW01

Technical and Research Reports:

Diaz, G., & Merlos, A. (2008). The Role of Intelligence in the Battle Against Terrorism on the Internet: Revisiting 3/11. Athens: Research Institute for European and American Studies (RISEAS).

Homeland Security Market Research. (2019, December 5). How to Stop Lone Wolf Attacks: OSINT. Diambil kembali dari Homeland Security Market Research: https://homelandsecurityresearch.com/osint_l one_wolf_attacks/

Institute for Economics & Peace. (2020). Global Terrorism Index 2020: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism. Sydney: Institute for Economics & Peace.

Klečková, A. (2021). Open Source Intelligence and Terrorism. Prague: Prague Security Studies Institute

Mapparessa (2021) dalam presentasi Intelijen dan Interogasi dalam Terorisme

Minas, H. (2010). Can the Open Source Intelligence Emerge as an Indispensable Discipline for the Intelligence Community in the 21st Century? Athens: Research Institute for European and American Studies.

Priyanto, Sapto (2021) dalam presentasi Ring of Security CONTEST: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism. United Kingdom Government.

How to Prevent Terrorist Attack Secretary of State for the Home Department. (2018).

Website:

Bellingcat. (2020, Juli 21). The Bellingcat Podcast Season 2 - The Executions . Diambil kembali dari Bellingcat: https://www.bellingcat.com/resources/podcas ts/2020/07/21/the-bellingcat-podcast-season-2-the-executions/

Blackwell, S., & Alexander, K. (t.thn.). Global Terrorism Trends Suggest Extremist Will Adapt and Evolve. Diambil kembali dari Trends Research and Advisory: https://trendsresearch.org/insight/globalterrorism-trends-suggest-extremists-willadapt-and-evolve/

Hanifan, A. F. (2017, Agustus 25). Senjata Pindad Dipakai Kombatan ISIS Marawi. Diambil kembali dari Tirto.id: https://tirto.id/senjatapindad-dipakai-kombatan-isis-marawi-cvi3Zoll, A. (2017, November 17). Open-Source Intelligence: When Terror Meets Technology. Diambil kembali dari Hillard Heintze, A Jensen Hughes company: https://www.hillardheintze.com/threatviolence-risk-management/open-sourceintelligence-terror-meets-technology/

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