"Negara Hukum Kesejahteraan di Batas Pantai: Paradoks Perlindungan Neg" by Aji Baskoro
  •  
  •  
 

Abstract

Climate change poses significant challenges to vulnerable coastal communities in Indonesia. As a welfare state, the Indonesian government is expected to safeguard these vulnerable groups through policies that promote their welfare and sustainable livelihoods. However, current policies create a paradox. This article explores this paradox: on the one hand, Indonesia adheres to the welfare state principle, which demands that all government actions be grounded in law, ensuring public safety and welfare. On the other hand, the policies focus on exploiting natural resources, exacerbating the vulnerabilities of coastal communities, particularly in the face of climate change. The article employs a normative method by utilizing data from various literature sources, such as legislation and policy documents. The analysis combines statute, socio-legal and conceptual approaches to address the issues at hand. Findings indicate that despite Indonesia's constitutional declaration as a welfare state, this is not reflected in its current policies. The enactment of the Job Creation Law and industrial downstream policies have disregarded local wisdom, worsening the environmental and social vulnerabilities of coastal communities. This contradiction suggests an urgent need for policy reforms that better align with the principles of a welfare state and climate justice. The study recommends more integrative and holistic policy reforms, emphasizing long-term welfare, environmental sustainability, and the active participation of coastal communities.

References

AghaKouchak, A., Chiang, F., Huning, L. S., Love, C. A., Mallakpour, I., Mazdiyasni, O., Moftakhari, H., Papalexiou, S. M., Ragno, E., & Sadegh, M. (2020). Climate Extremes and Compound Hazards in a Warming World. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 48(1), 519–548. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-071719-055228

Alfitri, A. (2012). Ideologi Welfare State dalam Dasar Negara Indonesia: Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Terkait Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional. Jurnal Konstitusi, 9(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk932

Ali, M. M., Aditya, Z. F., & Fuadi, A. B. (2020). Perlindungan Hak Konstitusional Masyarakat Pesisir: Urgensi Harmonisasi Regulasi Pengelolaan Pesisir Terpadu Coastal Communities Protection of. Konstittusi, 17(4), 811.

Arliman, L. (2017). Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembentukan PerundangUndangan Untuk Mewujudkan Negara Kesejahteraan Indonesia. Jurnal Politik Pemerintahan Dharma Praja, 59–72.

Ashari, A. M. (2023). Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Ketahanan Pangan dan Adaptasinya oleh Masyarakat Pesisir. Empiricism Journal, 4(2), 426–431. https://doi.org/10.36312/ej.v4i2.1611

Aspan, Z. (2017). TINJAUAN YURIDIS IZIN REKLAMASI PANTAI MAKASSAR DALAM MEGA PROYEK CENTRE POINT OF INDONESIA. BINA HUKUM LINGKUNGAN, 1(2), 172–189. https://doi.org/10.24970/jbhl.v1n2.14

Baskoro, A., & Hofifah, H. (2023). INSTABILITAS TATA KELOLA KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN: PERIZINAN, KEWENANGAN DAN DAMPAK TERHADAP MASYARAKAT PESISIR. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 12(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v12i3.1414

Butler, C. D. (2018). Climate Change, Health and Existential Risks to Civilization: A Comprehensive Review (1989–2013). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102266

Chalupka, S. M., Latter, A., & Trombley, J. (2023). Climate and Environmental Change: A Generation at Risk. MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 48(4), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000924

Clarke, B., Otto, F., Stuart-Smith, R., & Harrington, L. (2022). Extreme weather impacts of climate change: An attribution perspective. Environmental Research: Climate, 1(1), 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ac6e7d

Dewi, D. A. S. (2016). PENDAYAGUNAAN FREIES ERMESSEN PEJABAT PEMERINTAHAN DALAM KONSEP NEGARA KESEJAHTERAAN. Yustisia, 5(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v5i1.8730

Dharma, B. (2024). Architecture of the Indonesia Welfare State: The reflection of 20 years of Indonesia Reformation Era. Jurnal Kesejahteraan Dan Pelayanan Sosial, 5(1), 68–82. https://doi.org/10.52423/jkps.v5i1.25

Ding, Q., Chen, X., Hilborn, R., & Chen, Y. (2017). Vulnerability to impacts of climate change on marine fisheries and food security. Marine Policy, 83, 55–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.011

Effendi, W. R. (2017). Konsep Wellfare State Di Indoneisa. Jurnal Trias Politika, 1(1).

Elviandri, E. (2019). QUO VADIS NEGARA KESEJAHTERAAN: MENEGUHKAN IDEOLOGI WELFARE STATE NEGARA HUKUM KESEJAHTERAAN INDONESIA. Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 31(2), 252. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.32986

Esping-Andersen, G. (1998). The three worlds of welfare capitalism (Repr). Princeton Univ. Press.

Fadli, Y., & Nurlukman, A. D. (2018). Government Collaboration in Empowerment? A Collaborative Framework for the Government in Empowering Coastal Communities. Journal of Government and Civil Society, 2(2), 145. https://doi.org/10.31000/jgcs.v2i2.1022

Galati, A., Tulone, A., Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A., & Crescimanno, M. (2023). Intention of coastal communities to support climate change mitigation policies for fish and marine ecosystem preservation. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 17(2), 261–283. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-05-2021-0069

Huynh, P. T. A., Le, N. D., Le, S. T. H., & Nguyen, H. X. (2021). Vulnerability of Fishery-Based Livelihoods to Climate Change in Coastal Communities in Central Vietnam. Coastal Management, 49(3), 275–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2021.1899927

Ibrahim, R., Idris, S., Zuraida, Musnadi, S., & Agustina, M. (2024). Sustainable Community Development Amidst Challenges: A Holistic Examination of the Influence of Illegal Petroleum Mining in Aceh Province, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1109/icetsis61505.2024.10459467

Idrus, R., Rukminasari, N., Ardi, A., Alam, J., Muawanah, U., & Ahmad, M. (2024). Climate Change Adaptation and Economic Vulnerability of Small Scale Fishermen in the Spermonde Islands, Indonesia. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.21463/jmic.2024.13.2.05

Irianto, S. (Ed.). (2012). Kajian sosio-legal (Edisi pertama). Pustaka Larasan bekerja sama dengan Universitas Indonesia, Universitas Leiden, Universitas Groningen.

Kabir, S., Newnham, E. A., Dewan, A., Kok, K. Q. X., & Hamamura, T. (2024). Climate hazards and psychological health among coastal communities in the Asia-Pacific region: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Health Psychology Review, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2024.2383224

Lestari, T. S., & Irmayani, T. (2024). ‘Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Ketenagakerjaan’ in the Perspective of Welfare State. Langgas: Jurnal Studi Pembangunan, 3(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.32734/ljsp.v3i1.14976

Levy, B. S., & Patz, J. A. (2015). Climate Change, Human Rights, and Social Justice. Annals of Global Health, 81(3), 310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.008

Manan, B. (1996). Politik Perundang-undangan Dalam Rangka Mengantisipasi Liberalisasi Perekonomian. Fakultas Hukum UNILA, Lampung, 16.

Marzuki, M. (2017). Penelitian hukum: Edisi revisi. Prenada Media.

McCarthy, J. F. (2020). The paradox of progressing sideways: Food poverty and livelihood change in the rice lands of outer island Indonesia. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47(5), 1077–1097. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2019.1628021

Muchsan, M. (1992). Sistem Pengawasan terhadap Perbuatan Aparat Pemerintah dan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Liberty.

Munadi, L. Muh. (2021). Integrasi Pertanian Terhadap Perubahan Iklim di Wilayah Pedesaan, Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil: Makalah. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5tf8x

Musnadi, S., Ibrahim, R., Zuraida, Z., Agustina, M., & Ibrahim, M. (2024). Black gold, dark realities: Unpacking the socio-economic and environmental fallout of unauthorized oil extraction (Investigation in East Aceh, Indonesia). Environmental Economics. https://doi.org/10.21511/ee.15(2).2024.05

Mustainah, Arie, M., & Aspan, Z. (2023). Application of The Concept of Welfare State in The Implementation of Health Social Security Programs. Alauddin Law Development Journal. https://doi.org/10.24252/aldev.v5i3.35914

Najwa, Y., Amanda, P. D., Fatmawati, F., Al-Kalam, S., & Wahyudi, S. N. (2024). Analisis Efektivitas Program Perlindungan Sosial dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Kelompok Rentan di Indonesia. Al-I’timad: Jurnal Dakwah Dan Pengembangan Masyarakat Islam, 2(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.35878/alitimad.v2i1.1131

Nurahmani, A., Rismansyah, M. R., & Suciati, P. N. (2018). Reorientasi Perekonomian Nasional Berdasarkan Pancasila Melalui Perubahan Pasal 33 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dengan Model Directive Principles of State Policies. Majalah Hukum Nasional, 48(2), 139–165.

Nuraisah, G., & Budi Kusumo, R. A. (2019). DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP USAHATANI PADI DI DESA WANGUK KECAMATAN ANJATAN KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU. MIMBAR AGRIBISNIS: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 5(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.25157/ma.v5i1.1639

Nurlinda, I. (2016). KEBIJAKAN PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PENEGAKAN HUKUM LINGKUNGAN INDONESIA. Bina Hukum Lingkungan, 1(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.24970/jbhl.v1n1.1

Nurul Amaliah Afrida & Luqman Hakim Habibulloh. (2022). URGENSI PEMENUHAN HAK WARGA NEGARA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF WELFARE STATE DI INDONESIA. JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND SOCIAL SCIENCE, 4(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.55606/jass.v4i1.108

Prasetyo, K. F. (2012). Politik Hukum di Bidang Ekonomi dan Pelembagaan Konsepsi Welfare State di dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Jurnal Konstitusi, 9(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk934

Pratama, A. R. (2018). Sistem Ekonomi Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Pancasila Dan Uud 1945. Veritas et Justitia, 4(2), 304–332.

Priyanto, Moh. W. (2021). Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Sektor Pertanian. Agritech: Jurnal Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, 23(2), 91. https://doi.org/10.30595/agritech.v23i2.8879

Purnomo, A. H., Kurniawan, T., Farandy, A. R., Apriliani, T., Nurlaili, Imron, M., & Sajise, A. J. (2024). Revisiting the climate change adaptation strategy of Jakarta’s coastal communities. Ocean & Coastal Management, 253, 107112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2024.107112

Putri, R. S. W. (2024). ADAPTATION PATTERNS OF FISHERMEN IN UJUNGALANG VILLAGE, KAMPUNG LAUT DISTRICT, CILACAP TO MAINTAIN THE ECONOMY FAMILIES IN FACING CLIMATE CHANGE. Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika ISSN 2721-4796 (Online), 5(1), 403–409. https://doi.org/10.36312/jcm.v5i1.2269

Ridwanuddin, P. (2023, February 20). Perppu Cipta Kerja Versus Keadilan Iklim bagi Masyarakat Pesisir. WALHI. https://www.walhi.or.id/perppu-cipta-kerja-versus-keadilan-iklim-bagi-masyarakat-pesisir

Rynaldi, A., Sinaga, E. H., & Sitorus, J. R. (2024). Kajian Kriminologi Hijau Terhadap Studi Kasus Hilirisasi Tambang Nikel. Jurnal Lingkungan Kebumian Indonesia, 1(3).

Said, M. (2019). Reklamasi dan dampaknya terhadap wilayah pesisir pantai Toboko, Kota Ternate. Dintek, 12(2), 83–91.

Sanders, A., Khatarina, J., Assegaf, R., Toumbourou, T., Kurniasih, H., & Suwarso, R. (2024). The Omnibus Law on Job Creation and its potential implications for rural youth and future farming in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 65(2), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12408

Sarifuddin, A. J., & Joesoef, I. E. (2023). Implementasi Keadilan Sosial dalam Mewujudkan Negara Kesejahteraan (Welfare State) Indonesia. National Conference on Law Studies (NCOLS), 5(1), Article 1.

Semenza, J. C., Rocklöv, J., & Ebi, K. L. (2022). Climate Change and Cascading Risks from Infectious Disease. Infectious Diseases and Therapy, 11(4), 1371–1390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-022-00647-3

Silverman, M. (2020). General Principles of Legal Research. Legal Reference Services Quarterly, 39(2–3), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/0270319X.2020.1818477

Soekanto, S. (1982). Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. UI Press.

Sofiani, T. (2014). Hak Konstitusional Buruh Perempuan Dalam Bingkai Negara Hukum Kesejahteraan di Indonesia. MUWAZAH: Jurnal Kajian Gender, 6(1).

Solihin, O. (2021). Wacana Kapitalisme Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja. KOMUNIKA, 8(1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.22236/komunika.v8i1.7167

Spalding, M. D., Ruffo, S., Lacambra, C., Meliane, I., Hale, L. Z., Shepard, C. C., & Beck, M. W. (2014). The role of ecosystems in coastal protection: Adapting to climate change and coastal hazards. Ocean & Coastal Management, 90, 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.09.007

Stefan, G. M. (2015). European welfare state in a historical perspective. A critical review. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 7(1), 25.

Subagiyo, A., Wijayanti, W. P., & Zakiyah, D. M. (2017). Pengelolaan wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil. Universitas Brawijaya Press.

Sultana, N., & Luetz, J. M. (2022). Adopting the Local Knowledge of Coastal Communities for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study From Bangladesh. Frontiers in Climate, 4, 823296. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2022.823296

Syahputra, A. (2022, August 29). Loss and Damage Akibat Dampak Perubahan Iklim di Sektor Pesisir – LCDI. https://lcdi-indonesia.id/2022/08/29/loss-and-damage-akibat-dampak-perubahan-iklim-di-sektor-pesisir/

Syarifuddin, N. (2022). Pengaruh industri pertambangan nikel terhadap kondisi lingkungan maritim di Kabupaten Morowali. Jurnal Riset & Teknologi Terapan Kemaritiman, 1(2), 19–23.

Toan, D. T. T., Kien, V. D., Giang, K. B., Minh, H. V., & Wright, P. (2014). Perceptions of climate change and its impact on human health: An integrated quantitative and qualitative approach. Global Health Action, 7(1), 23025. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.23025

Tribe, H. (2018). Climate Change Impacts on Philippine Communities: An Overview of the Current Literature and Policies. 15(2).

Varea, R., Varea, R., Kant, R., & Farrelly, T. (2022). Qi no tu i baba ni qwali (living down by the river): Impacts of flooding and mining on ecosystems and livelihoods. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9, 954062. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.954062

Warren, R., Price, J., Forstenhäusler, N., Andrews, O., Brown, S., Ebi, K., Gernaat, D., Goodwin, P., Guan, D., He, Y., Manful, D., Yin, Z., Hu, Y., Jenkins, K., Jenkins, R., Kennedy-Asser, A., Osborn, T. J., VanVuuren, D., Wallace, C., … Wright, R. (2024). Risks associated with global warming of 1.5 to 4 °C above pre-industrial levels in human and natural systems in six countries. Climatic Change, 177(3), 48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-023-03646-6

Wattimena, R. M., Leatemia, W., & Tahamata, L. C. O. (2021). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hutan Mangrove Pada Areal Pesisir Pantai. Balobe Law Journal, 1(2), 109. https://doi.org/10.47268/balobe.v1i2.652

Willem, R. (2018). PEMANFAATAN RUANG PESISIR DAN LAUT YANG BERKEADILAN. Bina Hukum Lingkungan, 2(2), 154–166.

Wiratraman, H. P., & Putro, W. D. (2020). TANTANGAN METODE PENELITIAN INTERDISIPLINER DALAM PENDIDIKAN HUKUM INDONESIA. Mimbar Hukum - Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 31(3), 402. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.44305

Zamroni, M., & Kafrawi, R. M. (2021). Perlindungan masyarakat hukum adat di wilayah pesisir pasca berlakunya UU Nomor 11 tahun 2020 tentang cipta kerja. Perspektif Hukum, 235–256.

Zougira, H., Widowaty, Y., & Purnomo, E. P. (2023). PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP MASYARAKAT DAN LINGKUNGAN AKIBAT DARI REKLAMASI PANTAI MANADO. Bina Hukum Lingkungan, 7.

Bahasa Abstract

Perubahan iklim membawa tantangan besar bagi masyarakat pesisir yang rentan di Indonesia. Sebagai negara hukum kesejahteraan, pemerintah Indonesia diharapkan melindungi kelompok-kelompok rentan ini melalui kebijakan yang mendukung kesejahteraan dan keberlanjutan hidup mereka. Namun, kebijakan saat ini justru menciptakan sebuah paradoks. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi paradoks ini, di satu sisi, Indonesia mengadopsi konsep negara hukum kesejahteraan yang menuntut agar setiap tindakan pemerintah berdasarkan hukum dan menjamin keamanan serta kesejahteraan masyarakat, tetapi di sisi lain, kebijakan yang diambil justru berfokus pada eksploitasi sumber daya alam yang memperburuk kerentanan masyarakat pesisir, terlebih di tengah ancaman perubahan iklim. Studi ini menggunakan metode normatif dengan memanfaatkan data dari berbagai literatur, seperti peraturan perundang-undangan dan kebijakan. Analisis ini menggabungkan pendekatan perundang-undangan, sosio-legal dan konseptual untuk mengurai permasalahan yang ada. Temuan dalam studi ini menunjukkan, meskipun dalam konstitusi Indonesia memproklamirkan sebagai negara hukum kesejahteraan, tetapi tidak tercerminkan dalam kebijakan yang ada saat ini. Lahirnya UU Cipta Kerja dan kebijakan hilirisasi industri telah mengabaikan kearifan lokal dan memperburuk kerentanan lingkungan dan masyarakat pesisir. Kontradiksi ini mengindikasikan perlunya reformasi kebijakan yang lebih konsisten dengan prinsip negara kesejahteraan dan keadilan iklim. Studi ini merekomendasikan reformasi kebijakan yang lebih integratif dan holistik dengan mempertimbangkan kesejahteraan jangka panjang, keberlanjutan lingkungan dan partisipasi masyarakat pesisir.

Download

Plum Print visual indicator of research metrics
PlumX Metrics
  • Usage
    • Abstract Views: 22
    • Downloads: 21
see details

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.