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Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga

Abstract

This study investigates whether Indonesia’s 2019 Marriage Law reform, which raised the minimum legal age of marriage to 19, has been associated with lower child marriage prevalence. Using province-level aggregates from the 2022 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS, N = 1,237,946), we distinguish documented and undocumented unions and estimate Ordinary Least Squares models with controls for poverty, education, assets, rural residence, religious composition, and marriage dispensations. Descriptive maps show prevalence is highest in South Kalimantan (18%), East Java (17%), and West Java (17%), with undocumented unions concentrated in West Nusa Tenggara (7%), Banten (5%), Papua (5%), and West Sulawesi (5%). Regression results indicate that provinces with a larger share of adolescents aged 16–19 in 2019—the cohort directly exposed to the reform—exhibit higher child marriage prevalence, with a coefficient of 4.626 (p

This study investigates whether Indonesia’s 2019 Marriage Law reform, which raised the minimum legal age of marriage to 19, has been associated with lower child marriage prevalence. Using province-level aggregates from the 2022 Indonesian National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS, ), we distinguish documented and undocumented unions and estimate ordinary least squares models by controlling for poverty, education, assets, rural residence, religious composition, and marriage dispensations. Descriptive maps show child marriage prevalence is highest in South Kalimantan (18%), East Java (17%), and West Java (17%), with undocumented unions concentrated in West Nusa Tenggara (7%), Banten (5%), Papua (5%), and West Sulawesi (5%). Regression results indicate that provinces with a larger share of adolescents aged 16–19 in 2019—the cohort directly exposed to the reform—exhibit higher child marriage prevalence, with a coefficient of 4.626 (p

References

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Bahasa Abstract

Studi ini menyelidiki apakah Reformasi Undang-Undang Perkawinan Indonesia tahun 2019—yang menaikkan usia minimum legal menikah menjadi 19 tahun—berkaitan dengan penurunan prevalensi perkawinan anak. Menggunakan agregat tingkat provinsi dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) 2022 (N = 1.237.946), penelitian ini membedakan antara perkawinan terdokumentasi dan tidak terdokumentasi serta mengestimasi model Ordinary Least Squares dengan kontrol untuk kemiskinan, pendidikan, aset, tempat tinggal perdesaan, komposisi agama, dan dispensasi nikah. Peta deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi tertinggi terdapat di Kalimantan Selatan (18%), Jawa Timur (17%), dan Jawa Barat (17%), sementara perkawinan tidak terdokumentasi terkonsentrasi di Nusa Tenggara Barat (7%), Banten (5%), Papua (5%), dan Sulawesi Barat (5%).

Hasil regresi menunjukkan bahwa provinsi dengan proporsi remaja usia 16–19 tahun pada tahun 2019—kelompok yang paling terekspos secara demografis terhadap reformasi—memiliki prevalensi perkawinan anak yang lebih tinggi, dengan koefisien 4,626 (p

Temuan ini tidak memberikan bukti mengenai apakah reformasi hukum berhasil menekan perkawinan anak; sebaliknya, hasil menunjukkan bahwa variasi provinsi dalam praktik perkawinan dini masih sangat terkait dengan norma sosio-kultural dan praktik institusional yang mengakar. Pola ini menyiratkan bahwa upaya penanganan perkawinan anak memerlukan pendekatan yang melampaui ketentuan hukum semata dan mencakup intervensi pada konteks pendidikan, budaya, dan kelembagaan.

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