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Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of maternal employment status and job type on children's literacy skills in Indonesia, using data from the 2023 National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) and a binary logistic regression approach. The results show that working mothers, particularly those in the formal sector, are positively and significantly correlated with children's literacy, especially in non-poor households. These findings highlight the important role of maternal employment contribution in strengthening educational investment within families. In contrast, among poor households, formal employment of mothers does not significantly influence children's literacy, indicating that economic constraints remain a major barrier. In addition, child-specific factors such as gender, household economic status, and geographic location, also affect literacy outcomes; girls, children from non-poor households, and those living in Java tend to have higher literacy levels.

The policy implications suggest the need to promote maternal economic empowerment by expanding inclusive access to employment through skills training, flexible job opportunities, and entrepreneurial support tailored to the needs of women as primary caregivers. Furthermore, gender-responsive educational interventions and strengthened educational support for poor households and underdeveloped regions are crucial to ensure equitable and inclusive literacy development nationwide.

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Bahasa Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh status bekerja dan jenis pekerjaan ibu terhadap kemampuan literasi anak di Indonesia, dengan menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) 2023 dan pendekatan regresi logistik biner. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ibu yang bekerja, khususnya di sektor formal, memiliki korelasi positif dan signifikan terhadap peningkatan literasi anak, terutama dalam rumah tangga non-miskin. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kontribusi ibu bekerja berperan penting dalam mendukung investasi pendidikan anak. Sebaliknya, pada rumah tangga miskin, pekerjaan formal ibu tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap literasi anak, menunjukkan bahwa keterbatasan ekonomi tetap menjadi hambatan utama. Selain itu, karakteristik anak seperti jenis kelamin, kondisi ekonomi rumah tangga, dan wilayah geografis juga memengaruhi capaian literasi; anak perempuan, dari keluarga non-miskin, dan yang tinggal di Pulau Jawa memiliki tingkat literasi lebih tinggi.

Implikasi kebijakan dari temuan ini mencakup perlunya pemberdayaan ekonomi ibu melalui perluasan akses kerja yang inklusif, seperti pelatihan keterampilan, kesempatan kerja fleksibel, dan dukungan kewirausahaan yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan perempuan sebagai pengasuh utama. Selain itu, dibutuhkan intervensi pendidikan yang responsif gender, serta penguatan dukungan pendidikan bagi rumah tangga miskin dan wilayah tertinggal guna memastikan pemerataan capaian literasi anak secara nasional.

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