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Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga

Abstract

Food security is a crucial issue for sustainable development and is highly influenced by multidimensional poverty. This study measures food security and multidimensional poverty in Kalimantan Island, analyzes the determinants of household food security through a multilevel approach, and explores the influence of multidimensional poverty and regional context on food security. Data were obtained from the March 2022 National Socio-Economic Survey, comprising 33,201 households and integrated with district-level characteristics. Multidimensional poverty was measured using the Alkire-Foster method, while food security was measured based on energy consumption and the proportion of food expenditure. A multilevel ordinal logistic regression was employed to examine both household and regional determinants. The results showed that 46.6% of households were food secure, while the rest were either vulnerable or food insecure. Household head education, saving ownership, and internet access significantly increased the likelihood of food security, while households with more than four members and multidimensional poor have a higher risk of food insecurity. At the regional level, agricultural villages and poor road conditions exhibited negative correlation with food security. Based on these findings, policies are recommended to strengthen food security through multidimensional poverty alleviation, green economic development, and infrastructure enhancement of regions that support the IKN.

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Bahasa Abstract

Ketahanan pangan merupakan isu krusial dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan dan dipengaruhi oleh kemiskinan multidimensi. Studi ini bertujuan mengukur ketahanan pangan dan kemiskinan multidimensi di Pulau Kalimantan, menganalisis faktor-faktor penentu ketahanan pangan melalui pendekatan multilevel, serta mengeksplorasi pengaruh kemiskinan multidimensi dan kewilayahan terhadap ketahanan pangan. Data berasal dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional Maret 2022 dengan sampel sebanyak 33.201 rumah tangga yang diintegrasikan dengan karakteristik wilayah pada level kabupaten/kota. Kemiskinan multidimensi diukur menggunakan metode Alkire-Foster, sedangkan ketahanan pangan diukur berdasarkan konsumsi energi dan proporsi pengeluaran pangan. Analisis deskriptif dan regresi logistik ordinal multilevel digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh faktor rumah tangga dan kewilayahan secara simultan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 46,6% rumah tangga tergolong tahan pangan, sedangkan sisanya rentan dan kurang/rawan pangan. Faktor yang signifikan meningkatkan peluang ketahanan pangan yaitu pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, kepemilikan tabungan, dan akses internet, sedangkan rumah tangga dengan jumlah anggota lebih dari 4 orang dan berstatus miskin multidimensi memiliki resiko rawan pangan yang lebih tinggi. Pada level wilayah, desa dengan pendapatan utama pertanian dan kondisi jalan buruk berhubungan negatif dengan ketahanan pangan. Berdasarkan temuan ini, direkomendasikan kebijakan untuk memperkuat ketahanan pangan melalui integrasi pengentasan kemiskinan multidimensi, pembangunan ekonomi hijau, dan pembangunan infrastruktur di Pulau Kalimantan terutama di daerah yang mendukung IKN.

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