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Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga

Abstract

This study analyzes the determinants of early childhood well-being in female-headed households in Indonesia using data from the 2022 National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS), covering 85,074 households with children aged 0–5 years. Using binary logistic regression, the analysis focuses on four key indicators: complete immunization, food adequacy, access to improved sanitation, and access to safe drinking water. The results show that children in female-headed households are significantly less likely to receive adequate and diverse food as well as complete immunization, compared to those in male-headed households. However, these households are more likely to provide access to improved sanitation and safe drinking water. Other influential factors include the household head’s education, home ownership, internet access, and residential location. The findings highlight that the gender of the household head plays a crucial role in shaping child well-being. Accordingly, gender-responsive policies are essential to address the structural vulnerabilities of female-headed households, by enhancing economic capacity, improving access to gender-sensitive services, and implementing targeted, data-driven interventions. Additionally, families, especially those led by women, are encouraged to strengthen their literacy in child health and nutrition and to utilize public services that support the fulfillment of children's basic rights.

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Bahasa Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis determinan kesejahteraan anak usia dini dalam rumah tangga yang dipimpin oleh perempuan di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (SUSENAS) 2022 yang mencakup 85.074 rumah tangga dengan anak usia 0–5 tahun. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan regresi logistik biner terhadap empat indikator utama: imunisasi lengkap, kecukupan pangan, akses sanitasi layak, dan akses air minum aman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak dalam rumah tangga perempuan memiliki kemungkinan lebih rendah untuk memperoleh pangan yang cukup dan beragam serta cakupan imunisasi yang lengkap, dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga laki-laki. Sebaliknya, rumah tangga perempuan cenderung lebih mampu menyediakan akses terhadap sanitasi dan air minum layak. Faktor lain yang turut memengaruhi adalah tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, kepemilikan rumah, akses internet, dan lokasi tempat tinggal. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa status gender kepala rumah tangga berperan penting dalam membentuk kesejahteraan anak. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kebijakan sosial yang lebih responsif gender, peningkatan kapasitas ekonomi rumah tangga perempuan, serta intervensi pemerintah yang lebih terarah dan berbasis data. Selain itu, keluarga, khususnya rumah tangga perempuan, diharapkan meningkatkan literasi gizi dan kesehatan anak serta memanfaatkan layanan publik yang tersedia.

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