"Determinan Perilaku Swamedikasi" by Agung Priyo Utomo, Inayati Syahida et al.
  •  
  •  
 

Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga

Abstract

Self-medication has been practiced globally for thousands of years. As a part of primary healthcare services, self-medication forms the cornerstone of a sustainable healthcare system supporting universal health coverage, which is targeted in Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3), target 3.8. This study aims to provide an overview of self-medication behaviors and the factors influencing them among residents of Central Java Province. Using data from the 2021 National Socio-Economic Survey provided by the BPS-Statistics Indonesia, the sample size of this study includes 19,998 individuals, with 82.1% engaging in self-medication. The prevalence of self-medication is higher among males (84.0%) compared to females (80.6%). Self-medication is more common among individuals who are employed, live in rural areas, are unmarried, do not have health insurance, use the internet, are not poor, or have health complaints that do not interfere with daily activities, compared to their corresponding counterparts. The proportion of self-medication decreases with increasing age or higher education levels. Further binary logistic regression analysis identifies that the propensity for self-medication is higher among males (OR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.07-1.26), employed individuals (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.30-1.52), unmarried individuals (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.07-1.28), those without health insurance (OR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.20-1.44), the poor (OR=1.16; 95% CI: 1.02-1.31), those with health complaints that do not disrupt daily activities (OR=1.54; 95% CI: 1.43-1.66). The government needs to provide education and information regarding safe and responsible self-medication practices to at-risk groups, such as those with lower education levels, those without health insurance, and the poor, to maximize the benefits of self-medication and minimize the negative impacts of self-medication behaviors.

References

Abdelwahed, A. E., Abd‑elkader, M. M., Mahfouz, A., Abdelmawla, M. O., Kabeel, M., Elkot, A. G., . . . Hamza, N. (2023). Prevalence and influencing factors of self‑medication during the COVID‑19 pandemic in the Arab region: a multinational cross‑sectional study. BMC Public Health, 23(180), 1-11.

Adiyasa, M. R., & Meiyanti. (2021). Pemanfaatan obat tradisional di Indonesia: distribusi dan faktor demografis yang berpengaruh. Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan, 4(3), 130-138.

Agresti, A. (2019). An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis (3 ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Akande‑Sholabi, W., Ajamu, A. T., & Adisa, R. (2021). Prevalence, knowledge and perception of self‑medication practice among undergraduate healthcare students. Journal Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 14(1), 1-11.

Alshahrani, S. M., Alakhali, K. M., Al-Worafi, Y. M., & Alshahrani, N. Z. (2020). Awareness and use of over the counter analgesic medication: A survey in the Aseer region population, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 7(3), 130-134.

Alshahrani, S. M., Alavudeen, S. S., Alakhali, K. M., Al-Worafi, Y. M., Bahamdan, A. K., & Vigneshwaran, E. (2019). Self-Medication Among King Khalid University Students, Saudi Arabia. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 12, 243-249.

Al-Worafi, Y. M. (2020). Chapter 7 - Self-medication,. Dalam Y. M. Al-Worafi (Penyunt.), Drug Safety in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges (1st ed., hal. 73-86). Academic Press.

Andersen, R. M., Rice, T. H., & Kominski, G. F. (2001). Changing the U.S. Health Care System: Key Issues in Health Services, Policy, and Management. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc.

Andini, D. P., & Gani, A. (2023). Determinan Sosial Ekonomi Praktik Swamedikasi di Indonesia: Analisis Data Susenas 2019. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia, 6(7), 1344-1351.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Penghitungan dan Analisis Kemiskinan Makro Indonesia Tahun 2021. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Statistik Kesejahteraan Rakyat 2021. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024, Januari 2). Persentase Penduduk yang Mengobati Sendiri Selama Sebulan Terakhir (Persen), 2021-2023. Diambil kembali dari Badan Pusat Statistik: https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTk3NCMy/persentase-penduduk-yang-mengobati-sendiri-selama-sebulan-terakhir--persen-.html

Bassi, P. U., Osakwe, A. I., Builders, M., Ette, E., Kola, G., Binga, B., & Oreagbai, I. (2021). Prevalence and Determinants of Self-Medication Practices among Nigerians. African Journal of Health Sciences, 34(5), 634-649.

Behzadifar, M., Behzadifar, M., Aryankhesal, A., Ravaghi, H., Baradaran, H. R., Sajadi, H. S., . . . Bragazzi, N. L. (2020). Prevalence of self-medication in university students: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(7), 846-857.

Bram, D. (2022, Juni 9). Pemkot dan Pemprov Jateng Sepakat Dukung Penggunaan Jamu dan Obat Herbal. Diambil kembali dari Radar Solo: https://radarsolo.jawapos.com/solo/841685402/pemkot-dan-pemprov-jateng-sepakat-dukung-penggunaan-jamu-dan-obat-herbal

Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2007). Pedoman Penggunaan Obat Bebas dan Bebas Terbatas. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan RI.

Eriyanto, & Salman. (2021). Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penggunaan Obat Tradisional Sebagai Upaya Swamedikasi di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 5(2), 305-311.

Fatimah, N., & Soewondo, P. (2022). Perilaku Swamedikasi pada Perokok di Indonesia. Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 7(6), 8096-8105.

Ghaderi, E., Hassanzadeh, K., Rahmani, K., Moradi, G., Esmailnasab, N., Roshani, D., & Azadnia, A. (2020). Prevalence of self-medication and its associated factors: a case study of Kurdistan province. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 13(3), 249-258.

Halilintar, V. D., & Sjaaf, A. C. (2020). Perilaku Swamedikasi pada Perokok di Indonesia. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 16(3), 317--326.

Hoai, N. T., & Dang, T. (2017). The determinants of self-medication: Evidence from urban Vietnam. Social Work in Health Care, 56(4), 260–282.

Hosmer Jr., D. W., Lemeshow, S., & Sturdivant, R. X. (2013). Applied Logistic Regression. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Hughes, C. M., McElnay, J. C., & Fleming, G. F. (2001). Benefits and Risks of Self Medication. Drug Safety, 24(14), 1027-1037.

Kemenkes RI. (2021). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2021. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI.

Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. (2020). Pilar Pembangunan Sosial. Jakarta: Kementerian PPN/Bappenas.

Lee, K. S., Yee, S. M., Zaidi, S. T., Patel, R. P., Yang, Q., Al-Worafi, Y. M., & Ming, L. C. (2017). Combating Sale of Counterfeit and Falsified Medicines Online: A Losing Battle. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8(268), 1-4.

Lei, X., Jiang, H., Liu, C., Ferrier, A., & Mugavin, J. (2018). Self-Medication Practice and Associated Factors among Residents in Wuhan, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 1-10.

Lonah, Halilintar, V. D., & Lauwly, E. E. (2023). Faktor Determinan yang Memengaruhi Perilaku Swadiagnosis dan Swamedikasi pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran dan Non-Kedokteran. Jurnal Kesehatan, 14(1), 23-34.

Mardiati, N., Islamiyah, R., & Fitriah, R. (2021). Pengaruh Iklan Obat Flu di Televisi Terhadap Perilaku Swamedikasi. Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia, 3(1), 35-44.

Mortazavi, S. S., Shati, M., Khankeh, H. R., Ahmadi, F., Mehravaran, S., & Malakouti, S. K. (2017). Self-medication among the elderly in Iran: a content analysis study. BMC Geriatrics, 17(198), 1-12.

Mujiati, S., Hidayati, I. R., & Atmadani, R. N. (2022). Pengaruh Iklan Obat Batuk pada Media Elektronik Terhadap Pemilihan Obat Swamedikasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 11(1), 43-50.

Murwati, Suroso, & Atikah, N. (2022). Determinant Factors Affecting Self-Medication Behavior In Breastfeeding Mothers. INTEREST: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 11(2), 145-153.

Nazari, J., Chezani-Sharahi, N., Eshrati, B., Yadegari, A., Naghshbandi, M., Movahedi, H., & Moradzadeh, R. (2022). Prevalence and determinants of self-medication consumption of antibiotics in children in Iran: A population-based cross-sectional study, 2018–19. PLoS One, 17(12), 1-9.

Notoatmojo, S. (1993). Pengantar Pendidikan Kesehatan Ilmu Perilaku Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi Offset.

Ramadayanti, R., & Sukim. (2022). Aplikasi Regresi Logistik Biner dalam Pengidentifikasian Variabel-variabel yang Memengaruhi Perilaku Swamedikasi di Provinsi Gorontalo Tahun 2020. Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2022 (hal. 1093-1102). Jakarta: Politeknik Statistika STIS.

Saha, A., Zam, D., Khan, A. A., Dutta, P., Mannan, A., & Alam, N. (2023). Prevalence and determinants of self-medication practices among general population: A cross-sectional study in Thimphu, Bhutan and Chattogram, Bangladesh. Journal of Public Health Research, 12(1), 1-10.

Shalini, A., & Logaraj, M. (2021). Prevalence and determinants of self medication use among the adult population residing in a sub urban areas near Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 10(5), 1835-1838.

Tekeba, A., Ayele, Y., Negash, B., & Gashaw, T. (2021). Extent of and Factors Associated with Self-Medication among Clients Visiting Community Pharmacies in the Era of COVID-19: Does It Relieve the Possible Impact of the Pandemic on the Health-Care System? Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 13(14), 4939-4951.

World Health Organization. (2000a). Guidelines for the Regulatory Assessment of Medicinal Products for use in Self-Medication. Geneva: World Health Organization.

World Health Organization. (2000b). The Benefits and risks of self-medication: general policy issues. WHO drug information, 14(1), 1-2.

World Health Organization Departmental News. (2021, Juni 23). Putting people first in managing their health: new WHO guideline on self-care interventions. Diambil kembali dari World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news/item/23-06-2021-putting-people-first-in-managing-their-health-new-who-guideline-on-self-care-interventions

World Self-Medication Industry. (2010). The story of self-care and self-medication: 40 years of progress. Ferney-Voltaire: World Self-Medication Industry.

Yismaw, M. B., Feyisa, K., Yehualaw, A., Tafere, C., Demsie, D. G., Bahiru, B., & Kefale, B. (2023). Assessment of Self-Medication Practice and Its Determinants Among Undergraduate Health Science Students of College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, North West Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 14, 279-288.

Yunizar, A., & Nasution, N. H. (2020). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan BPJS di Desa Pargarutan Tonga Kecamatan Angkola Timur tahun 2019. Jurnal Kesehatan Ilmiah Indonesia, 5(1), 61-70.

Bahasa Abstract

Pengobatan sendiri atau dikenal dengan istilah swamedikasi (self-medication) telah dipraktikkan oleh orang-orang di seluruh dunia selama ribuan tahun. Swamedikasi sebagai bagian dari layanan kesehatan primer merupakan landasan sistem kesehatan berkelanjutan untuk mendukung cakupan kesehatan universal, yang merupakan target 3.8 dari tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan 3 (SDG 3). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran umum perilaku swamedikasi dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya pada penduduk di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional tahun 2021 yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 19.998 orang dan 82,1% diantaranya melakukan swamedikasi. Perilaku swamedikasi lebih tinggi pada laki-laki (84,0%) dibandingkan perempuan (80,6%). Swamedikasi lebih umum pada individu yang bekerja, tinggal di pedesaan, berstatus tidak kawin, tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan, menggunakan internet, tidak miskin, atau memiliki keluhan kesehatan yang tidak mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, dibandingkan dengan kelompok pembanding yang bersesuaian. Proporsi swamedikasi menurun seiring bertambahnya usia atau meningkatnya tingkat pendidikan seseorang. Model regresi logistik biner lebih lanjut mengidentifikasi bahwa kecenderungan swamedikasi lebih tinggi pada penduduk berjenis kelamin laki-laki (OR=1,16; 95% CI: 1,07-1,26), bekerja (OR=1,40; 95% CI: 1,30-1,52), tidak kawin (OR=1,17; 95% CI: 1,07-1,28), tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan (OR=1,32; 95% CI: 1,20-1,44), miskin (OR=1,16; 95% CI: 1,02-1,31), dan memiliki keluhan kesehatan namun tidak mengganggu kegiatan sehari-hari (OR=1,54; 95% CI: 1,43-1,66). Pemerintah perlu memberikan edukasi dan informasi mengenai praktik swamedikasi yang aman dan bertanggung jawab terhadap kelompok yang berisiko, seperti mereka yang berpendidikan lebih rendah, tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan, dan miskin untuk memaksimalkan manfaat swamedikasi dan meninimalkan dampak negatif perilaku swamedikasi.

Download

Plum Print visual indicator of research metrics
PlumX Metrics
  • Usage
    • Abstract Views: 138
    • Downloads: 89
see details

Share

COinS