Antropologi Indonesia
Abstract
This article reflects on the troubling aspects of an ethnographic method that helps to maintain anthropology as a discipline of the privileged. The Covid-19 pandemic has changed how people interact socially. Although much ethnographic fieldwork is situated in settings that require face-to-face interactions, the pandemic has made the prospect of future fieldwork in the same manner uncertain. Learning from the current physical distancing, we discuss ethnographic methods that center on possibilities and limitations of the body as a tool of inquiry. We reflect on the possibilities of conducting ethnographic fieldwork when the body as a corporeal entity is undergoing physical and social isolation. In doing so, we reveal a limitation of “being there” in the “field,” based on how researchers’ material bodies are often perceived as fragile, vulnerable, or dangerous by interlocutors. We argue for the relevance of discussing limitations of the body as part of ongoing efforts to promote inclusion in anthropological knowledge production. In responding to the query of methodological dilemmas, this article follows feminist, postcolonial, and indigenous scholars who have long called into questions the universalizing type of ethnographic fieldwork characterized by the able, gendered (masculinist), always-available and up-for-anything body. In addition to ethnographies, this article uses books on methods as relevant resources to navigate the everyday practice of fieldwork that is sensitive to various forms of embodied limitations and possibilities.
References
Abu-Lughod, L., and C. Lutz (eds). 1990 Language and the Politics of Emotion Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Allerton, C. 2013. Potent Landscapes: Place and Mobility in Eastern Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press. Blackwood, E. 2011. “Tomboi Embodiment.” In A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment. F. E. Mascia-Lees (Ed.). Pp. 207—222. Sussex: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Boellstorff, T. 2011. “Placing the Virtual Body: Avatar, Chora, Cypherg.” In A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment. F. E. Mascia-Lees (Ed.). Pp. 504—520. Sussex: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Boellstorff, T. B. Nardi, C. Pearce, T. L. Taylor. 2012. Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Bubandt, N. 2015. The Empty Seashell: Witchcraft and Doubt on an Indonesian Island. Singapore: NUS Press. Chattopadhyay, S. 2021. “The Pandemic of Productivity.” Anthropology in Action. 28(1):47—51. Csordas, T. 2011. “Embodiment: Agency, Sexual Difference, and Illness.” In A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment. F. E. Mascia-Lees (Ed.). Pp. 137—156. Sussex: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Csordas, T. 1990. “Embodiment as a Paradigm for Anthropology.” Ethos. (18)1:5—47. Davies, J. and D. Spencer 2010. Emotions in the Field: The Psychology and Anthropology of Fieldwork Experience. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Davies, J. 2010. “Introduction: Emotions in the ‘Field.’” In Emotions in the Field: The Psychology and Anthropology of Fieldwork Experience. J. Davis and D. Spencer (Eds.). 1—31. Standford, CA: Stanford University Press. Desjarlais, R. and C. J. Throop. 2011. “Phenomenological Approaches in Anthropology.” Annual Review of Anthropology. 40:87—102. Dolan, K. W. 2020. “Ep. #55 Doing Right by Others: Robert Borofskyon the Value of Anthropology.” Familiar Strange Podcats. Available on https://thefamiliarstrange.com/2020/04/06/55-doing-right-by-others-borofsky/ Eijk, M. 2018. “The Anthropology of ‘Boring’ Things.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly. Accessed through https://medanthroquarterly.org/second-spear/2018/07/the-anthropology-of-boring-things/ Emerson, R. M., R. I. Fretz, L. L. Shaw. 1995. Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Faria, I. 2021. “Plans, Changes, Improvisations: Navigating Research in the Fertility Quests of Mozambican Women and Men.” Anthropology in Action. 28(2):18—26. Günel, G., S. Varma, C. Watanabe. 2020. “A Manifesto for Patchwork Ethnography.” Society for Cultural Anthropology. Accessed through https://culanth.org/fieldsights/a-manifesto-for-patchwork-ethnography. Holz, M. and J. Mayerl. 2021. “Early Days of Pandemic—The Association of Economic and Socio-political Country Characteristics with the Development of the Covid-19 Death Toll.” Plos One. Accessed through https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/authors?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0256736 Kaur-Gill, S. and M. J. Dutta. 2017. “Digital Ethnography.” The International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods. 1—10. Latour, B. 1992. ‘Where Are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few Mundane Artifacts’, in Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, (ed.) W. E. Bijker and J. Law. 225—258. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Lo Bosco, M. C. 2021. “Feelings in the Field: The Emotional Labour of the Ethnographer.” Anthropology in Action. 28(2):8—17. Malinowski, B. 1922. Argonauts of the Western Pacific: An Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian Guinea. Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Marcus, G. 2009. “Introduction: Notes Toward and Ethnographic Memoir of Supervising Graduate Research Through Anthropology’s Decades of Transformation.” In Fieldwork is Not What it Used to Be: Learning Anthropology’s Method in a Time of Transition. J.D. Faubion and G. E. Marcus (Eds.) Pp. 1—34. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. Mascia-Lees, F. E. 2011. “Introduction.” In A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment. F. E. Mascia-Lees (Ed.). Pp. 1—3. Sussex: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Merleau-Ponty, M. 1962. Phenomenology of Perception. New Jersey: The Humanity Press. Shoshan, N. 2016. The Management of Hate: Nation, Affect, and the Governance of Right-Wing Extrimism in Germany. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. Pakasi, D. T. and P. Rahmadhani. 2022. “Meneliti Maskulinitas, Menampilkan Feminitas: Menavigasi Seks, Gender, dan Kekuasaan dalam Realitas Penelitian Lapangan. In Dinamika Gender dan Seksualitas Kontemporer: Sebuah Antologi. I. M. Hidayana, G. D. Benedicta, and D. T. Pakasi. (Eds.). 212—234. Jakarta, Universitas Indoensia: UI Publishing. Pandian, A. 2019. A Possible Anthropology: Methods for Uneasy Times. Durham and London: Duke University Press. Pink, S., H. Horst, J. Postill, L. Hjorth, T. Lewis, J. Tacchi. 2015. Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC: SAGE Publications Ltd. Rahm-Skågeby, J. 2011. “Online Ethnographic Methods: Towards a Qualitative Understanding of Virtual Community Practices.” In Handbook of Research on Methods and Techniques for Studying Virtual Communities: Paradigms and Phenomena. B. K. Daniel (Ed.). Pp.410-428. IGI Global Ramos-Zayas, A. Y., 2011. “Learning Affect/Embodying Race.” In A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment. F. E. Mascia-Lees (Ed.). Pp. 24—45. Sussex: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Reginato, F. 2021. “Silence Sits in Places: Chronic Illness and Memory in Northern Morocco.” Anthropology in Action. 28(2): 27—35. Rutherford, D. 2018. Living in the Stone Age: Reflections on the Origins of a Colonial Fantasy. Chicago and London: The university of Chicago Press. Scheper-Hughes, N. 2011. “The Body in Tatters: Dismemberment, Dissection, and the Return of the Repressed.” In A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment. F. E. Mascia-Lees (Ed.). Pp. 172—206. Sussex: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Smith, L. T. 1999. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. New York: Zed Books. Spradley, J. 1980. Participant Observation. Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc. Stoler, A. L. 2002. Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. Trouillot, M. 1995. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Massachusetts: Beacon Press. Turner, T. 1994. “Bodies and Anti-Bodies: Flesh and Fetish in Contemporary Social Theory.” Embodiment and Experience: The Existential Ground of Culture and Self. T. Csordas (Ed.). Pp. 27—40. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Whitehead, N. L. 2004. “Introduction: Cultures, Conflicts, and the Poetics of Violent Practice.” In Violence. N. L. Whitehead (Ed.). 3– 24. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press.
Recommended Citation
Ratri, Sari Damar and Prahara, Hestu
(2023)
"“Is This Anthropological Enough?” Reflection on Ethnographic Fieldwork and Limitations of the Body,"
Antropologi Indonesia: Vol. 43:
Iss.
1, Article 1.
DOI: 10.7454/jai.v43i1.1013
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jai/vol43/iss1/1