"Menelusuri Akar Konflik dan Kebijakan Damai di Tanah Papua" by Cahyo Pamungkas
  •  
  •  
 

Antropologi Indonesia

Abstract

Violent conflicts that have been occurring in the Land of Papua since 1965 indicate no signs of coming to an end, even compounded by repression, discrimination, and marginalization of indigenous Papuans. This article aims to trace a number of studies of the Papuan conflict and its consequences to encourage the peace process. In addition, it aims to identify the gap between knowledge about the Papua conflict produced by researchers and the government policy to resolve the conflict. This research uses literature study. These studies were selected due to their focus on the asymmetrical power relations between the state and the people of Papua and the social context of research in the post-1998 Reform period that allowed the transformation of the independent Papua movement into a non-violent political movement. It argues that a number of social studies have identified the root causes of the Papua conflict and provided a variety of alternative peaceful solutions. However, a number of policies to make peace in Papua have failed, since the policymakers tend to base their policies on the political ideology of nationalism and the construction of colonial knowledge, namely 'civilizing' Papuans.

References

Abdullah, T. (Ed.) 2019 Papua Dalam Arus Sejarah Bangsa. Jakarta: Direktorat Sejarah, Diektur Jenderal Kebudayaan-Kementrian Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Al Rahab, A. 2016 ‘Operasi-Operasi Militer di Papua: Pagar Makan Tanaman?’ Jurnal Penelitian Politik 3(1):3–23. Amnesty International 2018 “Don't Bother, Just Let Him Die!” Killing with Impunity in Papua. Jakarta: Amnesti Internasional Indonesia. Anderson, B. 2015 Papua's insecurity: state failure in the Indonesian periphery. Honolulu, HI: East-West Center. Anderson, B. R. O. G. 1991 Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Second Edition. New York: Verso. Anderson, M. B. 1999 Do No Harm: How Aid Can Support Peace--or War. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Björkhagen, M. 2016 Understanding Illiberal Peace-building: an Analysis of Conflict, Peace and Reconciliation in North Maluku Province, Indonesia. Brundige, E., King, W., Vahali, P., Vladeck, S., & Yuan, X. 2004 Indonesian Human Rights Abuses in West Papua: Application of the Law of Genocide to the History of Indonesian Control. New Haven: Allard K. Lowenstein Internationaal Human Rights Clinic, Yale Law School. Budiardjo, C., & Liong, L. S. 1988 West Papua: the obliteration of a people. Thornton Heath: Tapol. Campbell, M. 2014 ‘Freedom in Entangled Worlds: West Papua and the Architecture of Global Power.’ Anthropological Forum 24(1): 88–90). Routledge. Catholic Justice Peace and Comission of the Archdiocese of Brisbane 2016 We Will Lose Everything: A Report on a Human Rights Fact Finding Mission To West Papua. Brisbane: Catholic Justice Peace and Comission. D’Albertis, Luigi Maria 1880 New Guinea: What I Did and What I Saw. S. Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington. Drooglever, P. J. 2010 Tindakan Pilihan Bebas! Orang Papua dan Penentuan Nasib Sendiri. Kanisius. Elisabeth, A., Pamungkas, C., Budiatri, A. P., Satriani, S. 2019 Menuju Papua yang Stabil dan Sejahtera, policy paper. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian Politik- LIPI. Elmslie, J. 2003 Irian Jaya Under the Gun. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press. Emmerson, D. K. 1984 ‘“Southeast Asia”: What's in a Name?’ Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 15(1): 1–21. Errington, J. 2012 ‘Laughing at Leviathan: Sovereignty and Audience in West Papua (review).’ Indonesia 94:141–144. https://muse.jhu.edu/ (diakses 12 Maret 2019). Galtung, J. 1969 ‘Violence, Peace, and Peace Research.’ Journal of Peace Research, 6(3):167–191. Gibson, T. 2014 ‘Laughing at Leviathan: Sovereignty and Audience in West Papua. Danilyn Rutherford. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012. xvi+ 301 pp.’ American Ethnologist, 41(4):781–782. Greenop, F. S. 1944 Who Travels Alone. KG Murray Publishing Company. Haluk, M. 2019 Konflik Nduga, Tragedi Kemanusiaan Papua. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan. Hernawan, Y. B. 2012 ‘Freedom in Entangled Worlds: West Papua and the Architecture of Global Power by Eben Kirksey.’ Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 34(3):445–448. 2013 From the Theatre of Torture to the Theatre of Peace: The Politics of Torture and Re- Imagining Peacebuilding in Papua, Indonesia. Dissertation in Australia National University. International Crisis Group (ICG) 2012 Indonesia: Dinamika Kekerasan di Papua. Jakarta: ICG. 2010 Radicalisation and Dialogue in Papua. Jakarta: ICG. Jaarsma, S. R. 2013 ‘Laughing at Leviathan: Sovereignty and Audience in West Papua.’ Pacific Affairs, 86(3):698–700. King, P. 2004 West Papua & Indonesia Since Suharto: Independence, Autonomy or Chaos? UNSW Press. King, P., Elmslie, J., & Webb-Gannon, C. 2011 Comprehending West Papua. Sydney: Centre of Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Sydney Kirksey, E. 2002 Anthropology and Colonial Violence in West Papua. Cultural Survivval Quarterly, 26(3). 2012 Freedom in Entangled Worlds: West Papua and the Architecture of Global Power. Duke University Press. Kirsch, S. 2010 Ethnographic Representation and the Politics of Violence in West Papua. Critique of Anthropology, 30(1):3–22. Koentjaraningrat 1994 ‘Kebijaksanaan Pembangunan dari Bawah.’ Dalam Koentjaraningrat (Ed.), Irian Jaya: Membangun Masyarakat Majemuk, pp. 453–162. Jakarta: Penerbit Djambatan. Kusumaryati, V. 2017 ‘The Great Colonial Roads.’ Landscape Architecture Frontiers, 5(2):137–143. Lembaga Studi dan Advokasi Hak Asasi Manusia (ELS-HAM) 1999 Operasi Militer Pembebasan Sandera dan Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia di Pegunungan Tengah Irian Jaya Menyingkap Misteri Misi Berdarah ICRC Keterlibatan Tentara Asing dan Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Jayapura: ELS-HAM. Macleod, J. 2011 The Struggle for Self-Determination in West Papua (1969-Present): Summary of Events Related to the Use or Impact of Civil Resistance. International Center on Nonviolent Conflict May, B., 1978 The Indonesian Tragedy (pp. 137-ff). London: Routledge & K. Paul. Miklouho-Maclay, N. N. 1982 Travels to New Guinea: Diaries, Letters, Documents. Central Books Limited. Moiwend, R., & Barber, P. 2011 Internet Advocacy and the MIFEE Project in West Papua. Comprehending West Papua. Nerenberg, J. 2013 Review Essay, The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 14(5):486–495. Ondawame, O. 2000 One People, One Soul: West Papuan Nationalism and the Organisasi Papua Merdeka. Dissertation in Australia National University. Osborne, R. 1985 Indonesia's Secret War: The Guerilla Struggle in Irian Jaya. Pandora Press. Pamungkas, C. 2014 Efektivitas Pembangunan Ekonomi Sosial dan Kebijakan Afirmatif di Papua sebagai Resolusi Konflik. Noken: Jurnal Ilmiah Bahasa, Sastra & Sosial-Budaya, 3:324–340. 2018 ‘Can Infrastructure Based Development Bring Peace to West Papua?’ Makalah dalam Konferensi Asosiasi Peneliti Perdamaian Internasional 24–28 November 2018 di Ahmedabad, India. Pamungkas, C. & Rusdiarti, S. R. (Ed.) 2017 Updating Papua Road Map: Proses Perdamaian, Politik Kaum Muda, dan Diaspora Papua. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. Pigai, N. 2014 ‘Solusi Damai di Tanah Papua (Mengubur Tragedi HAM dan Mencari Jalan Kedamaian).’ Jurnal Administrasi Publik, 11(2). Pigay, D. N. 2000 Evolusi Nasionalisme dan Sejarah Konflik Politik di Papua: Sebelum, Saat, dan Sesudah Integrasi. Pustaka Sinar Harapan. Rutherford, D. 2012 Laughing at Leviathan: Sovereignty and Audience in West Papua. University of Chicago Press. Saltford, J. 2000 United Nations Involvement with the Act of Self-Determination in West Irian (Indonesian West New Guinea) 1968 to 1969. Indonesia, 69:71–92. Sinaga, N. H., Kusuma, A. B., & Bahar, S. 1992 Risalah Sidang Badan Penyelidik Usaha-Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI), Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (PPKI), 29 Mei 1945–19 Agustus 1945. Sekretariat Negara, Republik Indonesia. Soewarsono 2013 ‘Tanah Merah, Boven Digul, dan Manokwari dalam Jejak Sejarah Kebangsaan Indonesia.’ Dalam Soewarsono dan A. Windarsih (Ed.), Jejak Kebangsaan Kaum Nasionalis di Manokwari dan Boven Digul, pp. 1–30). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. Steinmetz, G. 2008 The Devil's Handwriting: Precoloniality and the German Colonial State in Qingdao, Samoa, and Southwest Africa. University of Chicago Press. Thomposon, M. 2012 ‘Book Review-Freedom in Entangle Worlds by Eben Kirksey. Savage Mind, Notes and Queries in Anthropology, https://savageminds.org/2012/06/11/book-review-freedom-inentangled- worlds-by-eben-kirksey/ Viartasiwi, N. 2016 Beyond Separatist Conflict: Political Economy of Violence in West Papua. Doctoral dissertation, 立命館大学. Webb-Gannon, C. 2013 ‘Indonesia's Reign of Violence in West Papua.’ Refugee Transitions: 33–37. 2017 ‘Effecting Change through Peace Research in A Methodological ‘No-Man’s Land’: A Case Study of West Papua.’ The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 18(1):18–35. Widjojo, M. S., Amiruddin, A. R., Pamungkas, C. and Dewi, R. 2008 Papua Road Map. Jakarta: LIPI.

Download

Plum Print visual indicator of research metrics
PlumX Metrics
  • Usage
    • Downloads: 428
    • Abstract Views: 68
  • Captures
    • Readers: 53
see details

Included in

Anthropology Commons

Share

COinS