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Abstract

Indonesia was regarded to be the world's second-largest food loss and waste-producing country. Food waste contributes the most significant amount in Indonesia compared to other types of waste. This paper aims to discuss three legal issues. First, it identifies, in descriptive-normative means, the legal framework regulating food waste, which is the intersection of two legal regimes: 'the food management' and 'the waste and environmental management”. Second, it presents a comparative study by exploring the more advanced food waste legal frameworks, which take examples from Europe. The third objective is to recommend legal, institutional, and policy steps to mainstream food waste management in Indonesia. This paper suggests that statutory regulations have indicated an initial concern about food waste; however, they do not provide a strict mandatory obligation to relevant stakeholders. Indonesia may use Europe’s remarkable achievements as lessons learned in initiating a comprehensive legal framework for food waste in the future. This paper, therefore, proposes a Law on Sustainable Food System as an ius constituendum to figure out a comprehensive solution for combining food management and environmental sustainability needs. In terms of legislative drafting, an omnibus law seemed suitable for drafting such a law, which crosses different legal regimes, and the existing provisions are spread in various regulations.

Bahasa Abstract

Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil sampah makanan terbesar kedua di dunia. Sampah makanan merupakan penyumbang sampah paling signifikan di Indonesia dibandingkan jenis sampah lainnya. Tulisan ini membahas tiga permasalahan hukum. Pertama, mengidentifikasi secara deskriptif-normatif kerangka hukum yang mengatur sampah makanan yang saat ini diatur pada dua rezim hukum yakni rezim hukum pengelolaan pangan dan rezim hukum pengelolaan sampah dan lingkungan. Kedua, menyajikan studi komparatif dengan mengeksplorasi kerangka kerja pengaturan limbah makanan yang telah lebih maju dari Indonesia, yakni dengan mengambil contoh dari Eropa. Tujuan ketiga adalah merekomendasikan langkah-langkah hukum, kelembagaan, dan kebijakan untuk mengarusutamakan pengelolaan sampah makanan di Indonesia. Artikel ini mengungkap bahwa sejumlah peraturan perundang-undangan telah mengindikasikan perhatian terhadap persoalan sampah makanan kendatipun tidak menentukan kewajiban yang spesifik kepada pemangku kepentingan terkait. Indonesia dapat kiranya belajar dari pencapaian luar biasa Eropa dalam menyusun kerangka kerja pengaturan yang komprehensif mengenai sampah makanan. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini mengusulkan Undang-Undang Sistem Pangan Berkelanjutan (UU SPB) sebagai ius constituendum yang dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengombinasikan kepentingan pengelolaan pangan dan lingkungan berkelanjutan. Metode omnibus law kiranya dapat digunakan untuk menyusun UU SPB yang saat ini secara konten terbagi pada rezim hukum yang berbeda yang sejumlah ketentuan yang mengaturnya tersebar di berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan.

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