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Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Abstract

Background: Free radicals are natural byproducts of cellular metabolism, in which, their excessive accumulation can lead to oxidative stress, which plays a key role in the development of various chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions. Antioxidants are compounds capable of scavenging free radicals and minimizing oxidative damage. Peperomia pellucida, commonly known as Suruhan leaves, is a tropical herb traditionally used in folk medicine that contain bioactive compounds correlated with a strong radical-scavenging activity, suggesting its potential as a natural antioxidant source. This study aims to conduct a phytochemical analysis and evaluate the antioxidant activity of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of Suruhan leaves (P. pellucida). Method: Suruhan leaf powder obtained from Situbondo, East Java, was macerated in three different solvents of ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane to produce its corresponding ethanol extract, ethyl acetate extract, and n-hexane extract of P. pellucida. The phytochemical components in P. pellucida extracts were determined using phytochemistry test. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed using the DPPH method. Results: P. pellucida extracts comprise alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and triterpenoids as its phytochemical constituents. The ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of P. pellucida displayed extremely strong antioxidant properties on DPPH with IC50 value of 14.45 µg/mL and 22.12 µg/mL respectively, while the n-hexane extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 102.71 µg/mL on DPPH. Conclusion: P. pellucida extracts containing several phytochemical constituents that showed moderate-to-strong antioxidant activity towards DPPH free radical.

Bahasa Abstract

Latar belakang: Radikal bebas merupakan produk dari metabolisme sel.Akumulasi radikal bebas dapat menyebabkan stres oksidatif yang berperan penting dalam perkembangan berbagai penyakit kronis, termasuk kanker, gangguan kardiovaskular, dan kondisi neurodegeneratif. Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang mampu menetralkan radikal bebas dan meminimalkan kerusakan oksidatif. Peperomia pellucida, yang dikenal sebagai daun suruhan, merupakan herbal tropis yang secara tradisional digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional. Herbal P. pellucidamengandung senyawa bioaktif yang berkorelasi dengan aktivitas anti radikal bebas yang kuat, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis fitokimia dan mengevaluasi aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol, ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak n-heksana dari daun suruhan (P. pellucida).

Metode: Serbuk daun suruhan yang diperoleh dari Situbondo, Jawa Timur, dimaserasi dalam tiga pelarut berbeda yaitu etanol, etil asetat dan n-heksana untuk menghasilkan ekstrak etanol, ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak n-heksana dari P. pellucida. Komponen senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung dalam ekstrak P. pellucida ditentukan melalui uji fitokimia. Sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak P.pellucida dievaluasi menggunakan metode DPPH.

Hasil: Ekstrak P. pellucida mengandung komponen senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, steroid, dan triterpenoid. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat P. pellucida memiliki sifat antioksidan yang sangat kuat terhadap DPPH dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 14,45 µg/mL dan 22,12 µg/mL, sedangkan ekstrak n-heksana menunjukkan sifat antioksidan moderat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 102,71 µg/mL terhadap DPPH.

Simpulan: Ekstrak P. pellucida mengandung beberapa komponen senyawa fitokimia yang menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan moderat hingga kuat terhadap radikal bebas DPPH.

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