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Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a condition in which there is an imbalance between production of free radicals and protective response via antioxidant system. There are endogenous and exogenous antioxidants, however as age increases, there is a reduction in endogenous antioxidant, thus the search for potential exogenous antioxidants which could be derived from natural resources are needed. Indonesia is a megabiodiversity country which has more than 30,000 species of plants and animals. Red seaweed Eucheuma sp. is one of marine macroalgae species which shows potent biological activities. This study aims to determine the phytochemical constituent and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of red algae Eucheuma sp. Seaweed Eucheuma sp. obtained from Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia, were extracted by maceration process using three solvents, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, sequentially. Each extract was analyzed for its phytochemical constituents by phytochemistry screening, thin layer chromatography, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and total triterpenoid content. Evaluation of antioxidant activity for ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract were done using DPPH method. Phytochemical analysis of Eucheuma sp. shows positive result for steroid and triterpenoid. Thin layer chromatography analysis of the Eucheuma sp. extracts showed total of 11 phytochemical constituents. Quantitative analysis revealed that the highest value in ethyl acetate extract, with total phenolic content of 29.57 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, total flavonoid content of 0.54 mg quercetin equivalent/g extract, and total triterpenoid content of 1.08 mg ursolic acid equivalent/g extract. Moreover, ethylacetate extract of Eucheuma sp. demonstrated an active antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical with IC50 value of 27.96 µg/mL. Thus, ethylacetate extract of Eucheuma sp. derived from Lombok, Indonesia, has a potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant.

Bahasa Abstract

Latar belakang: Stres oksidatif adalah sebuah kondisi ketidakseimbangan antara produksi dan akumulasi radikal bebas di dalam sel dan jaringan terhadap respon tubuh dalam melakukan detoksifikasi produk reaktif melalui sistem antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat bersifat endogen dan eksogen, namun seiring bertambahnya usia, terjadi penurunan konsentrasi antioksidan enzim (endogen) sehingga penting untuk memaksimalkan potensi antioksidan eksogen, yang dapat berasal dari sumber alami. Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara megabiodiversitas yang memiliki keragaman hayati yang luas, yaitu sekitar 30.000 spesies hewan dan tumbuhan. salah satunya adalah rumput laut atau alga laut Eucheuma sp., adalah salah satu biota laut yang menunjukkan aktivitas biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Eucheuma sp.

Metode: Eucheuma sp. yang diperoleh dari Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia, diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi bertingkat menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etilasetat, dan etanol secara berurutan, menghasilkan ekstrak n-heksana, ekstrak etilasetat dan ekstrak etanol Eucheuma sp. Pada ketiga ekstrak dilakukan analisis kandungan dan komposisi fitokimia melalui uji fitokimia, kromatografi lapis tipis, penentuan kadar total flavonoid, total fenol, dan total triterpenoid. Selanjutnya, aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etil asetat dan ekstrak etanol Eucheuma sp. ditentukan dengan metode DPPH.

Hasil: Analisis fitokimia terhadap ekstrak Eucheuma sp. menunjukkan hasil positif untuk golongan steroid dan triterpenoid. Analisis kromatografi lapis tipis menunjukkan bahwa ketiga ekstrak Eucheuma sp. memiliki total 11 komponen senyawa fitokimia. Analisis kuantitatif menunjukkan kadar tertinggi pada ekstrak etil asetat, dengan kadar total fenol sebesar 29,57 mg ekuivalen asam galat/g ekstrak, kadar total flavonoid sebesar 0,54 mg ekuivalen kuersetin/g ekstrak, dan kadar total triterpenoid sebesar 1,08 mg ekuivalen asam ursolat/g ekstrak. Selain itu, ekstrak etilasetat Eucheuma sp. menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang aktif terhdap radikal bebas DPPH dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 27,96 µg/mL.

Simpulan: Ekstrak etilasetat Eucheuma sp. yang berasal dari pulau Lombok, Indonesia, berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai antioksidan alami.

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