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Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is a serious tropical disease with Plasmodium falciparum as its most well-known causative parasite for producing higher levels of late stage parasites that leads to sequestration in vital organs which could lead to death. There is a growing trend of antimalarial drugs resistance against Plasmodium falciparum. Molecular assessment using polymerase chain reaction could trace the presence of mutation and also determine single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Plasmodium falciparum genes. This SNP can determine the particular population’s response to antimalarial drugs. Objectives: This study aims to examine the relationship between SNP in Plasmodium falciparum genes and antimalarial drugs resistance. Methods: Literature searches were carried out through various databases which were then collected and analyzed. Result: We identified various SNPs from eleven known genes in Plasmodium falciparum, each SNPs causes a different mechanism which contributes to antimalarial drug resistance. Mechanisms varying from slower drug clearance to drug transport activity alteration. Conclusion: Results from most studies included in this review suggest that SNPs in Plasmodium falciparum genes participate in the resistance against various antimalarial drugs via several mechanisms and may be necessary for parasite survival when stressed.

Bahasa Abstract

Pendahuluan: Malaria adalah penyakit tropis yang serius dengan Plasmodium falciparum sebagai parasit penyebab yang dikenal memproduksi parasit stadium akhir dalam jumlah tinggi lalu menyebabkan sekuestrasi di organ vital yang dapat menyebabkan kematian. Ada kecenderungan peningkatan resistensi obat antimalaria terhadap Plasmodium falciparum. Uji molekuler menggunakan polymerase chain reaction dapat menunjukkan adanya mutasi dan juga menentukan polimorfisme nukleotida tunggal (SNP) pada gen Plasmodium falciparum SNP ini dapat menentukan respon populasi tertentu terhadap obat antimalaria.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara SNP pada Plasmodium falciparum resistensi obat antimalaria.

Metode: Penelusuran literatur dilakukan melalui berbagai basis data yang kemudian dikumpulkan dan dianalisis.

Hasil: Kami mengidentifikasi berbagai SNP dari sebelas gen yang diketahui pada Plasmodium falciparum, masing-masing SNP memiliki mekanisme yang berbeda dalam p resistensi obat antimalaria. Mekanisme bervariasi dari pembersihan obat yang lebih lambat hingga perubahan aktivitas transportasi obat.

Kesimpulan: Hasil dari sebagian besar penelitian yang termasuk dalam tinjauan ini menunjukkan bahwa SNP pada Plasmodium falciparum berpartisipasi dalam resistensi terhadap berbagai obat antimalaria melalui beberapa mekanisme dan mungkin juga penting dalam kelangsungan hidup parasit di bawah tekanan.

References

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