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Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Abstract

Syndrome Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS COV2) is the virus that causes the COVID19 disease and has caused more than 4 million deaths worldwide. This virus infects the host cell through the interaction between the virus’s glycoprotein S molecule with the ACE2 which is the virus receptor, binding, undergoes membrane fusion and enters the cell and replicates in it. Currently, several strategies used in developing anti-viral compounds are targeting compounds that play a role in the process of entering the virus into host cells such as ACE2, S glycoprotein, and TMPRSS2, while some target main proteases such as RNA dependent Polymerase and N proteins. On the other hand, one of the causes for the worsening of COVID-19 cases is hyperinflammation. This condition can also be caused by an increase in calcium consumption activity which is responsible for the process of viral endocytosis, mast cell recruitment, and also the recruitment of surrounding cells to form syncytia. Under these conditions, virions that are trapped and accumulated in the syncytia can initiate the release of virions and pro-inflammatory molecules, leading to hyperinflammation and second week crash. This review will explain the importance of the role of calcium ions and mast cells in mediating inflammation as well as the prospect of inhibiting hyperinflammation in COVID19 using flavonoid compounds contained in daily food ingredients.

Bahasa Abstract

Sindrom Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS COV2) adalah virus yang menyebabkan penyakit COVID19 dan telah menyebabkan lebih dari 4 juta kematian di seluruh dunia. Virus ini menginfeksi sel inang melalui interaksi antara molekul glikoprotein S virus dengan ACE2 yang merupakan reseptor virus, mengikat, mengalami fusi membran, dan masuk ke dalam sel, serta bereproduksi di dalamnya. Saat ini, beberapa strategi yang digunakan dalam mengembangkan senyawa anti-virus menargetkan senyawa yang berperan dalam proses masuknya virus ke dalam sel pembawa seperti ACE2, glikoprotein S, dan TMPRSS2, sementara beberapa lainnya menargetkan protease utama seperti RNA dependent Polymerase dan protein N . Di sisi lain, salah satu penyebab peningkatan kasus COVID-19 adalah hiperinflamasi. Kondisi ini antara lain dapat disebabkan oleh peningkatan aktivitas konsumsi kalsium yang bertanggung jawab dalam proses endositosis virus, rekrutmen sel mast, dan juga rekrutmen sel sekitarnya untuk membentuk sinkitia. Dalam kondisi ini, virion yang terjebak dan terakumulasi dalam sinkitia dapat mengawali pelepasan virion dan molekul pro-inflamasi, menyebabkan hiperinflamasi, dan second week crash. Tinjauan ini akan menjelaskan pentingnya peran ion kalsium dan sel mast dalam mediasi inflamasi serta prospek pemblokiran hiperinflamasi dalam COVID19 menggunakan senyawa flavonoid yang terkandung dalam bahan makanan sehari-hari.

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