Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by B cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, or both. Indonesia and worldwide have an increasing incidence that leads to a significant socio-economic burden. The effective treatment of Type 2 DM with minimal side effects is still challenging. This research aims to identify phytochemical properties in ethanol extract of Mangifera quadrifida and the effectivity as an alfa-glucosidase inhibitor beneficial to research on the treatment of type 2 DM.
Method: Mangifera quadrifida was extracted by ethanol as solvent. The phytochemical analysis is conducted by phytochemical screening methods and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The antidiabetic properties in ethanol extract of Mangifera quadrifida is tested by inhibitory activity on alpha-glukosidase.
Result: The ethanol extract of Mangifera quadrifida contains tanin, triterpenoid, flavonoid, and glycoside. TLC test on the ethanol extract of Mangifera quadrifida was detected 4 points (Rf 0,15; 0,464, 0,511; and 0,63). The IC50 to α-glucosidase of Mangifera quadrifida and the acarbose as positive control are 18,19 ppm and 4,88 ppm respectively.
Discussion: Tanin, triterpenoid, flavonoid, and glycoside of Mangifera quadrifida have antidiabetic properties. The result on IC50 value in ethanol extract of Mangifera quadrifida is among the active class of antidiabetic group although the value is higher the acarbose.
Conclusion: Ethanol extract of the Mangifera quadrifida has phytochemical compunds that have antiadiabetic potential. Acarbose has better IC50 to α-glucosidase compared to Ethanol extract of Mangifera quadrifida.
Bahasa Abstract
Abstrak
Pendahuluan : Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia yang disebabkan karena disfungsi sel B, resistensi insulin, atau keduanya. Indonesia dan dunia mengalami peningkatan kejadian sehingga mengarah pada beban sosio-ekonomi yang cukup signifikan. Pengobatan yang efektif bagi DM tipe 2 dengan efek samping rendah masih menjadi tantangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sifat fitokimia pada ekstrak etanol dari Mangifera quadrifida dan efektivitasnya sebagai penghambat alfa-glukosidasi yang bermanfaat pada penelitian pengobatan DM tipe 2.
Metode : Mangifera quadrifida diekstrak menggunakan etanol sebagai pelarut. Analisis fitokimia dilakukan dengan metode skrining fitokimia dan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT). Sifat antidiabetik pada ekstrak etanol Mangifera quadrifida diuji menggunakan aktivitas inhibisi pada alfa-glukosidase.
Hasil : Ekstrak etanol Mangifera quadrifida mengandung tanin, triterpenoid, flavonoid, dan glikosida. Uji KLT pada ekstrak etanol Mangifera quadrifida menghasilkan 4 titik (Rf 0,15; 4,464; 0,511; dan 0,63). IC50 dari alfa-glukosidase pada Mangifera quadrifida dan acarbose sebagai kontrol positif masing-masing adalah 18,19 ppm dan 4,88 ppm.
Pembahasan : Tanin, triterpenoid, flavonoid, dan glikosida dari Mangifera quadrifida memiliki sifat antidiabetik. Hasil pada nilai IC50 ekstrak etanol Mangifera quadrifida tergolong pada active class dari grup antidiabetik meskipun nilainya lebih tinggi dari acarbose.
Simpulan : Ekstrak etanol dari Mangifera qudrifida memiliki senyawa fitokimia yang berpotensi sebagai antidiabetik. Acarbose memiliki IC50 lebih baik untuk alfa-glukosidase dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol dari Mangifera quadrifida.
References
1. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34(Suppl 1):S62–9.
2. Roglic G, World Health Organization, editors. Global report on diabetes. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016. 86 p.
3. Pedoman pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dewasa di INDONESIA - 2021. 2021;119.
4. Jameson JL, editor. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine. Twentieth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2018. 1 p.
5. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 17]. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/info-terkini/hasil-riskesdas-2018.pdf
6. Srikartika VM, Cahya AD, Hardiati RSW. ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEPATUHAN PENGGUNAAN OBAT PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2. 2016;6:8.
7. Stakos DA. Long term cardiovascular effects of oral antidiabetic agents in non-diabetic patients with insulin resistance: double blind, prospective, randomised study. Heart. 2005 May 1;91(5):589–94.
8. Oboh G, Isaac AT, Akinyemi AJ, Ajani RA. Inhibition of Key Enzymes Linked to Type 2 Diabetes and Sodium Nitroprusside Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Rats’ Pancreas by Phenolic Extracts of Avocado Pear Leaves and Fruit. Int J Biomed Sci IJBS. 2014 Sep;10(3):208–16.
9. Sekar V, Chakraborty S, Mani S, Sali VK, Vasanthi HR. Mangiferin from Mangifera indica fruits reduces post-prandial glucose level by inhibiting α-glucosidase and α-amylase activity. South Afr J Bot. 2019 Jan;120:129–34.
10. Lim TK. Mangifera quadrifida. In: Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants [Internet]. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2012 [cited 2020 Apr 17]. p. 135–7. Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-90-481-8661-7_17
11. Anila L. Antioxidant action of flavonoids from Mangifera indica and Emblica officinalis in hypercholesterolemic rats. Food Chem. 2003 Dec;83(4):569–74.
12. Kar A. Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology. 2nd ed. Tunbridge Wells: Anshan; 2008. 879 p.
13. Firdayani F, Winarni Agustini T. Ekstraksi Senyawa BIoaktif sebagai Antioksidan Alami Spirulina Platensis Segar dengan Pelarut yang Berbeda. J Pengolah Has Perikan Indones. 2015 Apr 20;18(1):28–37.
14. Putta S, Sastry Yarla N, Kumar Kilari E, Surekha C, Aliev G, Basavaraju Divakara M, et al. Therapeutic Potentials of Triterpenes in Diabetes and its Associated Complications. Curr Top Med Chem. 2016 Jul 1;16(23):2532–42.
15. Barky AE. Saponins and their potential role in diabetes mellitus. 2017;11.
16. Oti Wilberforce JO, Nkechinyere Olivia EI. Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves Extracts of Mangifera indica and Carica papaya. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci. 2017 Sep 20;6(8):3253–9.
17. Mukherjee PK. Extraction and Other Downstream Procedures for Evaluation of Herbal Drugs. In: Quality Control and Evaluation of Herbal Drugs [Internet]. Elsevier; 2019 [cited 2022 Jan 6]. p. 195–236. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780128133743000065
18. Kunyanga CN, Imungi JK, Okoth M, Momanyi C, Biesalski HK, Vadivel V. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Properties of Condensed Tannins in Acetonic Extract of Selected Raw and Processed Indigenous Food Ingredients from Kenya. J Food Sci. 2011 May;76(4):C560–7.
Recommended Citation
Fadilah, Fadilah
(2022)
"Phytochemical Screening and In-Vitro α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Analysis of Ethanol Extract of Mangifera quadrifida,"
Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics: Vol. 1:
No.
1, Article 4.
DOI: 10.7454/ijmcb.v1i1.1007
Available at:
https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/ijmcb/vol1/iss1/4
Included in
Natural Products Chemistry and Pharmacognosy Commons, Pharmaceutics and Drug Design Commons