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Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly forms of cancer in the world. Cancer is a multi-factorial disease. Genetic factors, environment and lifestyle have a role in the development of cancer. One of the mechanisms of cancer development is when an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the human body occurs. Uncontrolled and excessive amount of free radicals and cause cell damage and uncontrolled cell growth. Clitoria ternate is a plant that is often found in Asia and many of the benefits of this flower have been studied. This study aims to determine the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic activity of Clitoria ternatea against T47D breast cancer cells.

Method: Clitoria ternatea in the form of dry powder is macerated in a multi-level manner with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents, producing a Clitoria ternatea extract of the respective solvents. Each extract is then evaluated for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxic activity using phytochemical test, thin layer chromatography (TLC), DPPH assay, and MTT assay respectively.

Results: Phytochemical analysis of Clitoria ternatea shows the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids with TLC revealing the presence of ten phytochemical constituents. DPPH assay reveals that Clitoria ternatea exhibits a very active antioxidant activity. MTT assay revels Clitoria ternatea has a high cytotoxic activity towards T47D breast cancer cell line with IC50 value ranging from 1.27 μg/mL to 32.38 μg/mL.

Conclusion: Chemical constituents of Clitoria ternatea is responsible for the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity towards T47D breast cancer cell line.

Bahasa Abstract

Latar Belakang: Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu jenis kanker yang paling umum dan mematikan di dunia. Kanker adalah penyakit multifaktorial. Faktor genetik, lingkungan dan gaya hidup memiliki peran dalam perkembangan kanker. Salah satu mekanisme perkembangan kanker adalah ketika terjadi ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan antioksidan dalam tubuh manusia. Jumlah radikal bebas yang tidak terkontrol dan berlebihan menyebabkan kerusakan sel dan pertumbuhan sel yang tidak terkontrol. Clitoria ternatea atau dikenal dengan bunga telang, merupakan tanaman herbal yang banyak dijumpai di Asia dan manfaat dari bunga ini telah banyak diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia, aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas sitotoksik dari bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D.

Metode: Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) dalam bentuk bubuk kering dimaserasi secara bertingkat berturut-turut dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol, menghasilkan masing-masing ekstrak n-heksana, ekstrak etil asetat, dan ekstrak etanol Clitoria ternatea. Ekstrak kemudian dianalisis kandungan fitokimianya melalui uji fitokimia dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), diujikan aktivitas antioksidannya dengan metode DPPH, dan dievaluasi aktivitas sitotoksiknya terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D dengan metode MTT.

Hasil: Analisis fitokimia Clitoria ternatea menunjukkan adanya kandungan glikosida, flavonoid, tanin dan triterpenoid, sedangkan analisis dengan KLT menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Clitoria ternatea mengandung sepuluh komponen senyawa fitokimia. Uji DPPH mengungkapkan bahwa ekstrak Clitoria ternatea memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat aktif. Uji MTT menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Clitoria ternatea memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik yang kuat terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D dengan nilai IC50 berkisar antara 1,27 μg/mL hingga 32,38 μg/mL.

Kesimpulan: Ekstrak bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D, sehingga dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai agen antikanker payudara.

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