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Authors

Atik Nurwahyuni, Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow
Prastuti Soewondo, Departemen Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia & Kelompok Kerja Kebijakan Asuransi Kesehatan, Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan (TNP2K)Follow
Mardiati Nadjib, Department of Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow
Yuli Farianti, Center of Health Financing and Decentralization Policy, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Mazda Novi Mukhlisa, Indonesia UniversityFollow
Helmi Wahyuningsih, Center for Health Economics and Policy Studies, School of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow
Emmy Ridhawaty Mangunsong, Center of Health Financing and Decentralization Policy, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Athiyah Athiyah, Center of Health Financing and Decentralization Policy, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaFollow
Yunita Yunita, Center for Health Economics and Policy Studies, School of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow
Sekar Arum Handarbeni Sayekti, Center for Health Economics and Policy Studies, School of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow
Kurnia Sari, Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow
Amila Megraini, Department Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, IndonesiaFollow

Abstract

The Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence continues to increase. This study aims to identify the CVD spending and utilization in the Indonesia National Health Insurance (JKN) scheme 2017-2021 using the JKN claims classified by Disease Accounts analyzed descriptively. The CVD spending increased by $125,4 million in 2019 compared to 2017 and mostly for the hospital (91% in 2019) with the highest spending occurring in the age above 60 years. Moreover, the hospital inpatient spending was dominated during these five years. The highest portion of spending by severity level was at mild level, followed by moderate and severe levels. Health facilities’ capacities across the regions remain the issue in providing health services, especially for the CVD that require further treatment using advanced technology. The CVD cost continues to increase annually; fortunately, the JKN plays a key role as financial protection for participants. But, there was a decrease in the number of visits and spending on CVD during the COVID-19 pandemic because of lockdown policies and health systems shifting to provide capacity to overcome COVID-19. The decrease in the number of visits to health facilities raises the potential of being diagnosed later with more severe. As policy recommendations, strengthening primary care screening and hospital capacity across regions through implementing the Health System Transformation are expected to reduce the impact of these problems.

Bahasa Abstract

Prevalensi penyakit kardiovaskular terus meningkat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengeluaran dan utilisasi layanan kardiovaskular dalam skema Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) Indonesia pada tahun 2017-2021 dengan menggunakan data klaim JKN yang diklasifikasikan berdasarkan Disease Accounts yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Pengeluaran kardiovaskular meningkat sebesar $125,4 juta pada tahun 2019 dibandingkan tahun 2017 dan sebagian besar dilakukan di rumah sakit (91% pada tahun 2019) dengan pengeluaran tertinggi terjadi pada usia di atas 59 tahun. Selain itu, pengeluaran rawat inap rumah sakit didominasi dalam kurun waktu 5 tahun. Porsi pengeluaran tertinggi menurut tingkat keparahan berada pada tingkat ringan, diikuti tingkat sedang dan berat. Kapasitas fasilitas kesehatan di berbagai daerah masih menjadi isu dalam pelayanan kesehatan, terutama untuk penyakit kardiovaskular yang memerlukan penanganan lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan teknologi canggih. Program JKN berperan penting sebagai perlindungan finansial bagi peserta, walaupun biaya kardiovaskular terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada penurunan jumlah kunjungan dan pengeluaran kardiovaskular yang diakibatkan adanya kebijakan lockdown dan prioritas sistem kesehatan untuk menyediakan kapasitas bagi pelayanan menanggulangi COVID-19. Penurunan jumlah kunjungan ke fasilitas kesehatan menimbulkan potensi terdiagnosa kardiovaskulaer dengan tingkat yang lebih parah ke depannya. Sebagai rekomendasi kebijakan, penguatan kapasitas skrining pelayanan primer dan rumah sakit di semua regional melalui implementasi kebijakan Transformasi Sistem Kesehatan diharapkan dapat mengurangi dampak dari permasalahan tersebut.

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