•  
  •  
 

Abstract

Disaster risks in tourism villages are increasing, generating multidimensional impacts on environmental, economic, institutional, and public health. In late 2024, Mattabulu Tourism Village experienced an 83% decline in tourist visits following a series of disasters, disrupting tourism activities and weakening local governance capacity. This study uses a qualitative case study design to evaluate disaster mitigation policy implementation through the “Sipatokkong” Program. Evaluation applied four Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development–Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) criteria: relevance, effectiveness, impact, and sustainability, operationalized through policy implementation, street-level bureaucracy, and collaborative governance frameworks. Data were obtained from five documents and non-participatory field observations conducted during program implementation from July to November 2025 in Mattabulu Village, Soppeng Regency. Although researchers participated in program implementation, a stance was maintained by treating program documents as objects of policy analysis rather than evidence of program success. Findings indicate high policy relevance at the design stage but constrained implementation due to limited institutionalization. Effectiveness remains inadequate, reflected in the absence of regulations, limited local actor capacity improving from only 41% to 86% comprehension after training but without institutionalized reinforcement and insufficient mitigation infrastructure. Short-term impacts include evacuation route construction, establishment of an early warning system, and tourism recovery from 955 to 2,348 visits. However, implementation remains program-driven rather than system-driven. Sustainability is threatened by the absence of budget allocations and failure to adopt the policy brief into binding Village Regulations. Public health integration remains largely declarative. Strengthening regulatory frameworks, local capacity, formal collaborative governance, and cross-sectoral integration is essential to establish sustainable, system-driven disaster governance.

References

  1. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Global assessment report on disaster risk reduction 2022: Our world at risk: Transforming governance for a resilient future. Geneva: United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction; 2022. DOI: 10.18356/9789210015059.
  2. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; 2022.
  3. World Health Organization. Health emergency and disaster risk management framework. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023.
  4. World Health Organization. Operational framework for building climate resilient health systems. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
  5. World Tourism Organization. Tourism and rural development: A policy perspective. Madrid: World Tourism Organization; 2023. DOI: 10.18111/9789284424306.
  6. Tosun J, Peters BG. Intergovernmental coordination and policy integration. Policy Sciences. 2021; 54 (1): 1–20.
  7. Purwanto EA, Sulistyastuti DR. Implementasi kebijakan publik: konsep dan aplikasinya di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gava Media; 2012.
  8. Hill M, Hupe P. Implementing public policy: An introduction to the study of operational governance. 4th ed. London: SAGE Publications; 2022.
  9. Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian tourism village award 2024 [Internet]. Jakarta: Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy; 2024 [cited 2026 Apr 10]. Available from: https://jadesta.kemenparekraf.go.id
  10. BPBD Soppeng. Laporan kejadian bencana Kabupaten Soppeng 2024. Soppeng: BPBD Kabupaten Soppeng; 2024.
  11. Rusani. Data kunjungan wisatawan Desa Wisata Mattabulu 2024. Soppeng: Pengelola Desa Wisata Mattabulu; 2024.
  12. Nurhidayah L, Djalante R. Disaster risk governance in Indonesia. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2021; 52: 101973.
  13. Ruslanjari D, Putri RAP, Puspitasari D, Sulistiyo S. Embracing leadership of local actors and community in disaster risk reduction of Yogyakarta. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. 2024; 16 (1): a1679. DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v16i1.1679.
  14. Fitrinitia IS, Djaja K, Fahry M, Suyanti E, Ramadhan J. Multi-level governance for the integration of social sector interventions and disaster management: A case study of Yogyakarta. Journal of Design and Built Environment. 2025; Special Issue (VI): 89–106. DOI: 10.22452/jdbe.spVI.5.
  15. Tim PPK Ormawa UKM KPI Unhas. Policy brief mitigasi bencana Program SIPATOKKONG. Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin; 2025.
  16. Tim PPK Ormawa UKM KPI Unhas. Laporan akhir Program SIPATOKKONG. Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin; 2025.
  17. Sabatier PA. Top-down and bottom-up approaches to implementation research: A critical analysis and suggested synthesis. Journal of Public Policy. 1986; 6 (1): 21–48. DOI: 10.1017/S0143814X00003846.
  18. Ilhami R, Achmad W. Collaborative governance in flood management in Sumedang Regency. Journal of Governance. 2023; 8 (3): 427–435. DOI: 10.31506/jog.v8i3.21057.
  19. Hutagalung SS. Adaptive capacity in the implementation of disaster response village programme in Indonesia: Literature review. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. 2023; 15 (1): a1470. DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v15i1.1470.
  20. Rusmana A, Damayani NA, Rizal E, Khadijah ULS, Lusiana E, Saepudin E, et al. Community-based disaster mitigation and its challenge: A case study in Pangandaran coastal area, Indonesia. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development. 2024; 8 (6): 4075. DOI: 10.24294/jipd.v8i6.4075.
  21. Ansell C, Gash A. Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 2008; 18 (4): 543–571. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mum032.
  22. Emerson K, Nabatchi T, Balogh S. An integrative framework for collaborative governance. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 2012; 22 (1): 1–29. DOI: 10.1093/jopart/mur011.
  23. McNaught R. The application of collaborative governance in local level climate and disaster resilient development. Environmental Science & Policy. 2024; 151: 103627. DOI: 10.1016/j.envsci.2023.103627.
  24. Dai J, Azhar A. Collaborative governance in disaster management and sustainable development. Public Administration and Development. 2024; 44 (4): 358–380. DOI: 10.1002/pad.2071.
  25. Munawir A, Rewa S, Taufik M. Capability of local government organizations in handling natural disasters in Maros Regency. KnE Social Sciences. 2023; 8 (17): 95–107. DOI: 10.18502/kss.v8i17.14107.
  26. Oktari RS, Dwirahmadi F, Gan CCR, Darundiyah K, Nugroho PC, Wibowo A, et al. Indonesia’s climate-related disasters and health adaptation policy in the build-up to COP26 and beyond. Sustainability. 2022; 14 (2): 1006. DOI: 10.3390/su14021006.
  27. Lipsky M. Street-level bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the individual in public services. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 1980.
  28. Lassa JA, Nappoe GE, Sulistyo SB. Creating an institutional ecosystem for cash transfer programmes in post-disaster settings: A case from Indonesia. Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies. 2022; 14 (1): a1046. DOI: 10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1046.
  29. Triyanti A, Surtiari GAK, Lassa J, Rafliana I, Hanifa NR, Muhidin MI, et al. Governing systemic and cascading disaster risk in Indonesia: Where do we stand and future outlook. Disaster Prevention and Management. 2023; 32 (1): 27–48. DOI: 10.1108/DPM-07-2022-0156.
  30. Maryani E, Lestari P. Developing cultural-based community resilience to disaster in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2025; 1479: 012030. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1479/1/012030.

Download

Share

COinS
 
 

To view the content in your browser, please download Adobe Reader or, alternately,
you may Download the file to your hard drive.

NOTE: The latest versions of Adobe Reader do not support viewing PDF files within Firefox on Mac OS and if you are using a modern (Intel) Mac, there is no official plugin for viewing PDF files within the browser window.