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Abstract

The prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption among adolescents in Southeast Asia remains a public health concern despite the introduction of several national policies. This study assessed the relationship between policy implementation and consumption trends of tobacco and alcohol in selected ASEAN countries. Using a descriptive ecological design, we analyzed secondary data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) and policy documents from official government sources. We observed a rise in tobacco consumption in Indonesia (+4.2%) and Brunei (+5.5%), while Thailand experienced a slight increase (+0.3%). Conversely, alcohol consumption decreased marginally in Indonesia (-0.7%) and Brunei (-0.8%), but increased significantly in the Philippines (+4.1%) and Thailand (+5.2%). Policy impact is mediated by enforcement capacity, cultural norms, and socioeconomic factors, not policy existence alone. Further culturally adaptive, multi-sectoral approaches and regional cooperation are needed to reduce adolescent consumption.

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Bahasa Abstract

Prevalensi konsumsi tembakau dan alkohol di kalangan remaja di Asia Tenggara tetap menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat meskipun telah diperkenalkannya beberapa kebijakan nasional. Studi ini menilai hubungan antara implementasi kebijakan dan tren konsumsi tembakau dan alkohol di negara-negara ASEAN terpilih. Dengan menggunakan desain ekologi deskriptif, kami menganalisis data sekunder dari Survei Kesehatan Siswa Berbasis Sekolah Global (GSHS) dan dokumen kebijakan dari sumber resmi pemerintah. Kami mengamati peningkatan konsumsi tembakau di Indonesia (+4,2%) dan Brunei (+5,5%), sementara Thailand mengalami sedikit peningkatan (+0,3%). Sebaliknya, konsumsi alkohol menurun sedikit di Indonesia (-0,7%) dan Brunei (-0,8%), tetapi meningkat secara signifikan di Filipina (+4,1%) dan Thailand (+5,2%). Dampak kebijakan dimediasi oleh kapasitas penegakan hukum, norma budaya, dan faktor sosial ekonomi, bukan hanya keberadaan kebijakan. Pendekatan multi-sektoral yang adaptif secara budaya dan kerja sama regional lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengurangi konsumsi remaja.

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