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Abstract

Along with the development of decentralisation and subnational diplomacy, strengthening child protection at the city level has become an important part of the global agenda. This research aims to analyse the implementation of the Child-Friendly Cities Initiative in Surabaya City from a paradiplomacy perspective. In addition, this study seeks to explain the synergy between local, national, and global policies and identify opportunities and challenges using literature studies and analysis of official documents from the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (PPPA) and the Surabaya Office of Women's Empowerment, Child Protection, Population Control, and Family Planning (P3APPKB), the Surabaya City Children's Forum, the Surabaya Child-Friendly City Task Force, and UNICEF Indonesia. The research findings show that Surabaya has implemented strategic measures, including preparing an Annual Work Plan, strengthening children’ s participation in decision-making, and developing child-friendly infrastructure. The paradiplomacy strategy has been proven to increase access to international resources and best practices while improving Surabaya’s local governance capacity and global standing. However, challenges such as low public awareness, budget constraints, and suboptimal cross-sector coordination remain. Using data processing based on thematic analysis, this study fills the gap in research on the application of a paradiplomacy perspective in child protection issues, particularly in the implementation of the Child-Friendly Cities Initiative in the Indonesian context.

Bahasa Abstract

Seiring dengan berkembangnya dinamika desentralisasi dan diplomasi subnasional, penguatan perlindungan anak di tingkat kota menjadi bagian penting dari agenda global. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis implementasi Child-Friendly Cities Initiative (CFCI) di Kota Surabaya dalam perspektif paradiplomasi. Selain itu, penelitian iniuntuk menjelaskansinergi antara kebijakan lokal, nasional, dan global serta mengidentifikasi peluang dan tantangan yang dihadapi dengan menggunakan studi literatur dan analisis dokumen resmi dari Kementerian Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak(PPPA) serta Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan, Pelindungan Anak, Pengendalian Penduduk dan Keluarga Berencana (P3APPKB) Surabaya, Forum Anak Kota Surabaya, Tim Gugus Tugas Kota Layak Anak, dan UNICEF Indonesia. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Surabaya telah melaksanakan langkah strategis seperti penyusunan Rencana Kerja Tahunan (RKT), penguatan partisipasi anak dalam pengambilan keputusan, serta pembangunan infrastruktur ramah anak. Strategi paradiplomasi terbukti meningkatkan akses terhadap sumber daya internasional dan praktik terbaik, sekaligus memperkuat kapasitas tata kelola lokal dan posisi Surabaya di kancah global. Meski demikian, tantangan berupa rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat, keterbatasan anggaran, dan koordinasi lintas sektor yang belum optimal masih menjadi hambatan. Dengan menggunakan pengolahan data berbasis analisis tematik, penelitian ini mengisi kekosongan kajian mengenai penerapan perspektif paradiplomasi dalam isu perlindungan anak, khususnya terkait implementasi Child-Friendly Cities Initiative (CFCI) di konteks Indonesia.

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