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Abstract

Through the mandate of UNCLOS 1982 and the 1994 Agreement, the International Seabed Authority (ISA) exists as a regulatory regime for activities in the international seabed area. Interestingly, African countries are privileged over other countries by occupying the most seats on the ISA Council. In addition, the ISA's commitment to supporting the blue economy through the Africa Deep Seabed Resources project also accentuates the privileges of African countries. African countries' technological, financial, and knowledge capacity is minimal in seabed mining. Apart from this problem, this research aims to analyse the fundamental reasons for the ISA's actions that give privileges to African countries in international seabed mining. Using the theory of knowledge-based international regimes and the concept of productive power as analytical tools, this research finds that granting special status to African countries is driven by the formation of shared knowledge and the dominance of the productive power of African countries in the ISA. The absence of a strong superpower in establishing the ISA regime also reinforced the supremacy of productive power.

Bahasa Abstract

Melalui mandat UNCLOS 1982 dan Perjanjian 1994, Otoritas Dasar Laut Internasional (ISA) hadir sebagai rezim regulasi untuk kegiatan di area dasar laut internasional. Menariknya, negara-negara Afrika memiliki keistimewaan dibanding negara lain dengan menduduki kursi terbanyak di Dewan ISA. Selain itu, komitmen ISA untuk mendukung ekonomi biru melalui proyek Africa Deep Seabed Resources juga menonjolkan keistimewaan negara-negara Afrika. Padahal, kapasitas teknologi, finansial, dan pengetahuan negara-negara Afrika masih sangat minim dalam penambangan dasar laut. Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alasan dasar dari tindakan ISA yang memberikan keistimewaan kepada negara- negara Afrika dalam penambangan dasar laut internasional. Dengan menggunakan teori rezim internasional berbasis knowledge dan konsep productive power sebagai alat analisis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pemberian status istimewa bagi negara-negara Afrika didorong oleh terbentuknya pengetahuan bersama dan dominasi productive power negara-negara Afrika dalam ISA. Dominasi productive power tersebut juga didukung oleh tidak adanya kekuatan negara adidaya kuat dalam proses pembentukan rezim ISA.

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