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Abstract

Geopolitical changes in the second decade of the 21st century have shifted the centre of international political power. Non-Western political power centres emerged and increased influence as the unipolar world transformed into a multipolar one. In contrast to the Cold War era, where ideology was the main instrument in dealing with Western influence, some contemporary geopolitical power centres carry the perception of historical glory as an important factor in their foreign policy, as demonstrated by Turkey under the leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan with its neo-Ottomanism and Russia under Vladimir Putin with Eurasianism. By using discourse analysis methods on data collected through a literature review, this research finds that the perception of the historical glory of neo-Ottomanism and Eurasianism is important as a political bargaining instrument and shows opposition to Western unipolarity, even though there are differences in the level of coerciveness in the practices implemented by the two countries.

Bahasa Abstract

Perubahan geopolitik di dekade kedua abad ke-21 telah menggeser pusat kekuatan politik internasional. Pusat-pusat kekuatan politik non-barat bermunculan dan meningkat pengaruhnya saat dunia unipolar bertransformasi menjadi multipolar. Berbeda dengan era Perang Dingin di mana ideologi menjadi instrumen utama dalam menghadapi pengaruh barat, beberapa pusat kekuatan geopolitik kontemporer membawa persepsi kejayaan historis sebagai faktor penting dalam kebijakan luar negeri mereka, sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh Türkiye di bawah kepemimpinan Recep Tayyip Erdoğan dengan neo-Ottomanisme dan Rusia di bawah Vladimir Putin dengan Eurasianisme. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis diskursus pada data yang dikumpulkan melalui tinjauan pustaka, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa persepsi kejayaan historis neo-Ottomanisme dan Eurasianisme penting sebagai instrumen tawar menawar politik dan menunjukkan pertentangan terhadap unipolaritas Barat; meskipun ada perbedaan dalam tingkat koersivitas dalam praktek yang dilaksanakan kedua negara.

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