•  
  •  
 

Abstract

This paper aims to explore and explain to what extent and in what ways the Indonesian Government has securitised the Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing in Indonesia since 2009, by utilising critical discourse analysis. Using the Securitisation theory from the Copenhagen School, this paper explains the analysis of the speech act and extraordinary measures from SBY’s administration, Jokowi’s first term and second term administration. While IUU fishing has been a severe global issue, 30 percent of the cases take place in Indonesia and it becomes a serious threat for the economy and maritime resources. In 2009, Indonesia amended the fisheries law by establishing the new article about the right to burn and sink illegal foreign vessels. However, the securitisation remained ‘latent’ as it lacks the extraordinary measures and supporting speech act from the government. In 2014, during Jokowi’s first term, Indonesia had done extraordinary measures by regularly sinking the illegal foreign vessels. During Jokowi’s second term, the measures were gone, although the law still exists. Thus, it became ‘latent’ again in 2019 up until present. This paper claims that the Indonesian Government successfully securitised the issue in 2014 after the latent securitisation that happened in 2009. However, it remained ‘latent’ again in 2019 up until now.

References

Ambari, M. (2019). Janji Edhy Prabowo untuk Sektor Kelautan dan Perikanan. Mongabay. Retrieved from: https://www.mongabay.co.id/2019/10/23/janji-edhy-prabowo-untuk-sektor-kelautan-dan-perikanan/

Asril, S. (2014). Jokowi: Saya Sampai Tiga Kali Perintah Tenggelamkan, Baru Ada Kapal yang Tenggelam. Kompas, 18 December. Retrieved on 15 July 2019 from: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/12/18/12590591/Jokowi.Saya.Sampai.Tiga.Kali.Perintah.Tenggelamkan.Baru.Ada.Kapal.yang.Tenggelam

Asril, S. (2014). Jokowi: Tenggelamkan Kapal Pencuri Ikan!. Kompas, 18 November. Retrieved on 16 July 2019 from: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/11/18/13004411/Jokowi.Tenggelamkan.Kapal.Pencuri.Ikan

Balzacq, T. (2011). Securitization theory: how security problems emerge and dissolve. Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon: New York, NY.

Billy, A. T. (2018). Ini Alasan Luhut Larang Menteri Susi Tenggelamkan Kapal. TribunNews, 9 January. Retrieved on 26 July 2019 from: https://www.tribunnews.com/bisnis/2018/01/09/ini-alasan-luhut-larangmenteri-susi-tenggelamkan-kapal

Bisnis (2015). Penenggelaman Kapal Ikan Asing Rusak Hubungan Bilateral dan Ekosistem, 8 January. Retrieved on 25 July 2019 from: https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20150108/99/388902/penenggelaman-kapalikan-asing-rusak-hubungan-bilateral-dan-ekosistem

BBC (2014). Pantaskah kapal pencuri ikan ditenggelamkan?. 28 November. Retrieved on 15 July 2019 from: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/forum/2014/11/141127_forum_kapal_asing

Bechtle, J. (2019). Securitization and Desecuritization of Climate Change in the US under the Obama and Trump Administrations. Global Security Master Thesis, University of Glasgow.

Burman, E. & Parker, I. (1993). Discourse analytic research: repertoires and readings of texts in action. London, Routledge.

Buzan, B., Waevver, O. & Wilde, J.d. (1998), Security: a new framework for analysis, Lynne Rienner Pub, Boulder, Colo; London.

Cambridge Dictionary (2019). Latent. Retrieved on 23 August 2019 from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/latent

DetikNews (2014). Ini Kata Jokowi Soal Rencana Penenggelaman Kapal Asing Pencuri Ikan. 25 November. Retrieved on 25 July 2019 from https://news.detik.com/berita/2758365/ini-kata-jokowi-soal-rencanapenenggelaman-kapal-asing-pencuri-ikan

DetikNews (2014). Ini Visi Misi Jokowi-Jusuf Kalla. 20 May. Retrieved on 29 August 2019 from: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-2586880/ini-visi-misi-jokowijusuf-kalla

Djumena, E. (2012). Indonesia Sasaran Pencurian Ikan. Kompas, 4 May. Retrieved on 27 July 2019 from: https://tekno.kompas.com/read/2012/05/04/08390294/indonesia.sasaran.pencurian.ikan

Fajar, J. (2014). Wow.. Kerugian Akibat Illegal Fishing Kapal Asing Mencapai 20 Miliar USD Per Tahun. Mongabay, 2 December. Retrieved on 15 June 2019 from: https://www.mongabay.co.id/2014/12/02/wow-kerugian-illegal-fishing-kapalasing-mencapai-20-miliar-usd-per-tahun/

Fitra, S. (2016). Jokowi: Indonesia Rugi Rp 260 Triliun Akibat Pencurian Ikan. KataData.co.id, Retrieved from https://katadata.co.id/berita/2016/10/10/jokowi-indonesia-rugi-rp-260-triliun-akibat-pencurian-ikan

European Commission (2019). Illegal Fishing (IUU). Retrieved on 20 June 2019 from: https://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/cfp/illegal_fishing_en

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2016). Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/i5469t/I5469T.pdf

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2019). Combatting and Eliminating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in the Asia-Pacific Region. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/3/ca4509en/CA4509EN.pdf

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2020). Fishery and Aquaculture Country Profiles. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/IDN/en#CountrySector-Statistics

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2018). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2019). What is IUU fishing? Retrieved on 20 June 2019 from: http://www.fao.org/iuufishing/background/what-is-iuu-fishing/en/

Hariyadi, D. (2019). Menteri Edhy Prabowo Sebut Penenggelaman Kapal Bukan Prioritas. Tempo.co, Retrieved on 17 June 2020 from https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1278873/menteri-edhy-prabowo-sebut-penenggelaman-kapal-bukan-prioritas

Hayes, J. (2013). Constructing National Security: U.S. Relations with India and China. Cambridge University Press.

Isnurhadi, M. R. (2017). Sekuritisasi Illegal, Unreported, Unregulated Fishing (IUUF) di Perairan Indonesia di Era Pemerintahan Joko Widodo. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, vol. X, no. 2, pp.13-27 Retrieved on 30 June 2019 from: https://ejournal.unair.ac.id/JHI/article/viewFile/7300/4415

Jakarta Greater (2015). Thailand Kritik Kebijakan Penenggelaman Kapal Jokowi, 7 January. Retrieved on 19 July 2019 from: https://jakartagreater.com/thailandkritik-kebijakan-penenggelaman-kapal-jokowi/

Jorgensen, M. & Phillips, L (2002). Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method. SAGE Publications: London

JPNN (2010). Kapal Ilegal Asing Disita, Nelayannya Dipulangkan, JPNN, 2 June. Retrieved on 20 July 2019 from: https://www.jpnn.com/news/kapal-ilegal-asingdisita-nelayannya-dipulangkan

Kartikasari, A. (2019). Indonesia’s Image from China’s Perspective on South China Sea Dispute. Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional 2019. Vol. 21, No.2., Page 176-197. DOI: 10.7454/global.v2i2.404, E-ISSN: 2579-8251

Karyotis, G. (2007). Securitization of Greek Terrorism and Arrest of the Revolutionary Organization November 17, Cooperation and Conflict, Vol.42(3), pp. 271–293. doi: 10.1177/0010836707079932.

Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2018). Menteri Susi : Penenggelaman Kapal adalah Amanat Undang-Undang (9 January 2018) YouTube video, added by Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Retrieved on 25 July 2019 from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRxZMWrvidw

Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. (2016). [ILM] Sinergi Indonesia Berantas Illegal Fishing (29 June 2016) YouTube video, added by Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Retrieved on 27 July 2019 from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv3VlPZFZQY&t=100s

Komisi Pemilihan Umum. (2019). Daftar Pasangan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2019. Retrieved on 25 May 2020, from https://kpu.go.id/koleksigambar/Materi_Iklan_Presiden_kompas_parpol_ACCKORAN.pdf

Komisi Pemilihan Umum. (2009) Visi Misi dan Program Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia Peserta Pemilu Presiden/Wakil Presiden 2009 Retrieved on 1 July 2019 from http://www.indonezia.ro/ppln/Buku_Visi_Misi.pdf

KOMPASTV. (2018). Jokowi Bela #Tenggelamkan (12 January 2018) YouTube video, added by KOMPASTV Retrieved on 25 July 2019 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lqoPiCiQbjA

Ksp (2009). Fadel Muhammad Menteri Perikanan dan Kelautan. Kompas, 19 October Retrieved on 23 July 2019 from: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2009/10/19/15503287/fadel.muhammad.menteri.perikanan.dan.kelautan

Kurniawan, Y. (2018). The politics of securitization in democratic Indonesia. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. .

Muhaimin (2015). Indonesia Tenggelamkan Kapal Pencuri Ikan, Vietnam Kesal. Sindo News, 21 August. Retrieved on 27 July 2019 from: https://international.sindonews.com/read/1035388/40/indonesiatenggelamkan-kapal-pencuri-ikan-vietnam-kesal-1440122201

Nahaba, B. (2013). Nelayan Aceh Desak Aparat Atasi Pencurian Ikan oleh Kapal Asing. VOA Indonesia, 29 January. Retrieved on 27 July 2019 from: https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/nelayan-aceh-desak-aparat-atasi-pencurianikan-oleh-kapal-asing-/1592545.html

Nurdin, I. & Kurniaty, R. (2017). The implementation of vesselsinking policy as an effort to protect indonesian fishery resources and territorial waters (IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science)

OECD (2004). Fish Piracy: Combating Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, Paris, OECD Publishing.

Oxford Language. (2020). Latent. Retrieved on 27 May 2020 from https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/latent

Pekerja.go.id. (2020). Apa Itu Kartu Prakerja? Retrieved from https://www.prakerja.go.id/tentang-kami

Peoples, Columba, Nick Vaughan-Williams. (2010). Critical Security Studies: An Introduction. London, Routledge.

Perwita, A. A. B. (2004). Sekuritisasi Isu Maritim: Koordinasi Nasional dan Kerangka Kerja Sama Maritim Regional di Asia Tenggara.

Preston, T. (2011). Pandora's trap: presidential decision making and blame avoidance in Vietnam and Iraq. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Maryland.

Radityo, M. (2015). China marah kapal nelayannya diledakkan Menteri Susi dan TNI AL. Merdeka, 22 May. Retrieved on 29 July 2019 from: https://www.merdeka.com/dunia/china-marah-kapal-nelayannya-diledakkanmenteri-susi-dan-tni-al.html

Razak, F. R. (2018). Kebijakan Unilateral Penanganan Imigran Ilegal Australia Pasca Pemilihan Umum Australia Tahun 2013. Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional 2018. Vol.20 No.2 Hlm. 137 – 159. DOI: 10/7454/global.v20i2.332 .

RTV. (2015). Satu Jam Bersama Susi Pudjiastuti Dengan Cheryl Tanzil –RTV (9 February 2015) YouTube video, added by SATU JAM BERSAMA –RTV. Retrieved on 10 July 2019 from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1HOL_io3VA

R. Antyo (2014). Dalam 5 tahun RI karamkan 37 kapal nelayan asing. Beritagar, 6 December. Retrieved on 24 August 2019 from: https://beritagar.id/artikel/infografik/dalam-5-tahun-ri-karamkan-37-kapalnelayan-asing-17075

Safitri, (2019). Soal Penenggelaman Kapal, Ini Penjelasan Menteri KKP Edhy Prabowo. Kompas. Retrieved from: https://money.kompas.com/read/2019/11/15/061500126/soal-penenggelaman-kapal-ini-penjelasan-menteri-kkp-edhy-prabowo?page=all

Septian, A. (2009). Kejahatan Perikanan Rugikan Negara Rp 30 Triliun, Tempo, Retrieved on 2 July 2019 from: https://nasional.tempo.co/read/167552/kejahatan-perikanan-rugikan-negara-rp30-triliun

Sirmareza, T. (2017). Aplikasi Soft System Methodology dalam analisis Diplomasi Angkatan Laut Indonesia melalui pengiriman Satgas Maritim TNI pada misi UNIFIL MTF. Global: Jurnal Politik Internatsional, Vol. 19 No.1, Hlm-58-76. DOI: 10.7454/global.v19i1.122, E-ISSN: 2579-8251

Taufan 2, [EKSKLUSIF] Wawancara Ibu Susi Pudjiastuti Menteri Perikanan Dan Kelautan (14 December 2014) YouTube video, added by Achmat taufan2. Retrieved on 20 July 2019 from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yQuW40mGFU

Taufika, R. (2019). The Securitisation of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing Issue in Indonesia Before and After 2014. Global Security Master Thesis. University of Glasgow.

Tuindra (2019). Penenggelaman Kapal Pencuri Ikan, 10 May. Retrieved on 24 August 2019 from: https://tuindra.com/penenggelaman-kapal-pencuri-ikan/

Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 45 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2004 Tentang Perikanan. Retrieved from: http://www.dpr.go.id/dokjdih/document/uu/UU_2009_45.pdf

Wij. (2014) 2007-2012, RI Sudah Tenggelamkan 38 Kapal Asing Ilegal, Detik Finance, 4 December. Retrieved on 24 August 2019 from: https://finance.detik.com/beritaekonomi-bisnis/d-2767817/2007-2012-ri-sudah-tenggelamkan-38-kapal-asingilegal

Williams, P.D. (2018), Security studies: an introduction, Third ed., New York, Routledge.

Download

Share

COinS