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Abstract

The role of non-state actor in contemporary world politics is increasingly important. After 9/11, scholars of security study and security practitioners begin to concern about the non-state actors which usually called as terrorist group or terrorist organization. The use of violence by those actors makes them can be classified as Violent Non-state Actor (VNSA). It cannot be denied that VNSAs activity can affect the state security policy and provoke state to war against them. Therefore, this paper will examine Jabhat al-Nusra—as an actor with tied to Al-Qaeda—involvement in the Syrian armed conflict, as a phenomenon that illustrates the role and influence of VNSA in affecting state behavior. This paper will try to show any factors that allow Jabhat al Nusra capabilities to be an important actor on the conflict dynamics. This paper argues that VNSA global politics potential character within Jabhat al-Nusra, is the factor that make them can grow to be a main actor in the rebel ranks and affecting the United States policy in the Syrian armed conflict.

Bahasa Abstract

Peran aktor non-negara di dalam politik dunia kontemporer semakin penting bagi dinamika politik global. Pasca peristiwa 9/11, perhatian para akademisi maupun praktisi dalam bidang studi-studi keamanan internasional tertuju pada aktor non-negara yang sering diklasifikasikan sebagai kelompok atau organisasi teroris. Karakter penggunaan kekerasan yang erat kaitannya dengan aktor ini membuat mereka dapat di klasifikasikan sebagai violent non-state actor (VNSA). Tak dapat dipungkiri, bahwa aktor ini juga mampu berperan membentuk kebijakan keamanan aktor negara dan memprovokasi negara untuk berperang. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini akan menjadikan kasus keterlibatan Jabhat al Nusra; salah satu aktor non-negara yang berafiliasi dengan Al Qaeda; pada konflik sipil bersenjata di Suriah, sebagai salah satu fenomena yang menggambarkan peran dan pengaruh aktor non-negara yang berkekerasan dalam mempengaruhi sikap atau perilaku negara. Artikel ini berusaha untuk menunjukkan faktor-faktor apa saja yang memungkinkan Jabhat al Nusra mampu mempengaruhi dinamika kebijakan luar negeri aktor negara; khusunya dalam hal ini adalah kebijakan Amerika Serikat dalam konflik bersenjata di Suriah. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa kondisi lingkungan kenegaraan di Suriah yang rentan (fragile statehood) dan karakter dari aktor non-negara itu sendiri yang memiliki potensi politik global (global actorness), merupakkan faktor-faktor yang menjadikan Jabhat al Nusra mampu berkembang dan memberikan pengaruh terhadap sikap Amerika Serikat terkait strategi keterlibatannya mendukung kelompok oposisi dalam konflik bersenjata di Suriah.

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