•  
  •  
 

Abstract

The overlap between intelligence and diplomacy is one of the lost dimension of strategic intelligence and international relations studies, despite being crucial to understanding the politics among states. Departing from these considerations, this paper discusses the relationship between intelligence and diplomacy in the areas of how one affects another in a wider scope related to the states' efforts to meet their national interests. This paper also discusses how the activities of intelligence organizations complements and complicates diplomatic practice, and vice versa. From the discussions, this article concludes that there is a crucial overlap between intelligence and diplomacy in political relations among states, and there is a tendency that intelligence activities complicate the practices of diplomacy. Therefore, the relations between intelligence and international diplomacy requires more frequent and serious assessment.

References

"G20 summits: Russia and Turkey react with fury to spying revelations." The Guardian 17 June 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/17/turkey- russia-g20-spying- gchq?CMP=twt_fd.

"Status Report on Tibetan Operations." Office of the Historian, 26 Januari 1968. http://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v30/d342.

"The Iran-Contra Affair 20 Years On." The National Security Archive, George Washington University, 24 November 2006. http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB210/.

Abrahamian, Ervand. "The 1953 Coup in Iran." Science & Society Vol. 65, No. 2 (Musim Panas, 2001). 182–215.

Aldrich, Richard J. The Hidden Hand: Britain, America and Cold War Secret

Intelligence. John Murray, 2001.

Andrew, Christopher. "From the Okhrana to the KGB." Declassified Authority NND

947003.

Antonucci, Michael. "War by Other Means: The Legacy of Byzantium." History Today

Vol. 43 Issue 2, 1993.

Barston, R.P. Modern Diplomacy, Fourth Edition. Oxon: Routledge, 2013.

Berridge, G.R. Diplomacy: Theory and Practice, Fourth Edition. New York: Palgrave

Macmillan, 2010.

Betts, Richard K. Enemies of Intelligence: Knowledge and Power in American National Security. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.

Chesterman, Simon. "Shared Secrets: Intelligence and Collective Security." Lowy

Institute Paper 10, New South Wales: Lowy Institute for International Policy,

2006.

Dennis, George T. Three Byzantine Military Treatises, Volume 9. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks, Research Library and Collection, 1985.

Gerolymatos, André. Espionage and Treason: A Study of the Proxeny in Political and

Military Intelligence Gathering in Classical Greece. Amsterdam, 1986.

Gibbs, David N. "Let Us Forget Unpleasant Memories: The US State Department's

Analysis of the Congo Crisis." Journal of Modern African Studies Vol. 33 No. 1.

175–180.

Gill, Peter; dan Phythian, Mark. Intelligence in an Unsecure World. Polity, 2012.

Gleijeses, Piero. "Ships in the Night: The CIA, the White House and the Bay of Pigs."

Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol. 27, No. 1 (Feb., 1995). 1–42.

Hamilton, Keith; dan Langhorne, Richard. The Practice of Diplomacy: Its Evolution,

Theory and Administration, Second Edition. Oxon: Routledge, 2011. Hazel, John. Who's Who in the Greek World. London: Routledge, 2000.

Herman, Michael. "Diplomacy and Intelligence." Diplomacy & Statecraft Vol. 9 No. 2,

1998. 1—22.

Hone, Katharina. "GCHQ intercepted foreign politicians’ communications at G20 summits." The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2013/jun/16/gchq-intercepted- communications-g20-summits.

Hughes-Wilson, Jon. Military Intelligence Blunders and Cover-ups. Da Capo Press,

2004.

Jackson, Brian A. "Counterinsurgency Intelligence in a "Long War": The British

Experience in Northern Ireland." Military Review, Januari—Februari 2007, RAND Corporation.

Jackson, Peter; dan Siegel, Jennifer (ed.). Intelligence and Statecraft: The Use and

Limits of Intelligence in International Society. Westport: Praeger, 2005.

Jervis, Robert. "Reports, Politics, and Intelligence Failures: The Case of Iraq." The

Journal of Strategic Studies Vol. 29, No. 1, Februari 2006. 3 – 52

Kohan, John. "Eyes of the Kremlin." Time 14 Februari 1983. http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,953701-6,00.html.

Kotani, Ken. "Japanese Intelligence in WWII: Successes and Failures." NIDS Journal of Defense and Security Vol. 11 No. 2. 3—27.

Leary, William M. "CIA Air Operations in Laos, 1955-1974." Center for the Study of

Intelligence, CSI Publications Vol. 43 No. 3, 2007.

Leighton, Albert C. "Secret Communications among the Greeks and Romans."

Technology and Culture Vol. 10 No. 2, April 1969. 139‒154.

Lowenthal, Mark M. Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2009.

MacAskill, Ewen; dan Ball, James. "Portrait of the NSA: no detail too small in quest for total surveillance." The Guardian 2 November 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/02/nsa-portrait-total-surveillance

O’Kane, Eamonn. "Anglo–Irish Relations and the Northern Ireland Peace Process:

From Exclusion to Inclusion." Contemporary British History, Vol. 18, No. 1, Spring 2004.

Rayman, Noah. "Merkel Compared NSA To Stasi in Complaint To Obama." Time 18

Desember 2013. http://world.time.com/2013/12/18/nsa-leaks-germany-merkel-

obama-stasi/

Risen, James. "Secrets of history: The CIA in Iran." The New York Times, 16 April

2000. http://www.globalpolicy.org/empire/history/2000/0416ciairan.htm

Scott, Len. "Secret Intelligence, Covert Action and Clandestine Diplomacy."

Intelligence and National Security, Vol. 19, No. 2, Musim Panas 2004. 322‒341.

Sheldon, Rose Mary. "A Guide to Intelligence from Antiquity to Rome." The

Intelligencer Vol. 18 No. 3, Summer/Fall 2011. 49‒51.

Sheldon, Rose Mary. Intelligence Activities in Ancient Rome: Trust in Gods, but Verify.

New York: Frank Cass, 2005.

Thucydides. The History of the Peloponnesian War. Terj. Lateiner, Donald; dan

Crawley, Richard (ed.). New York: Barnes & Noble, 2006.

Warner, Michael. "The CIA's Internal Probe of the Bay of Pigs Affair." Center for the

Study of Intelligence, Studies Archive Index Vol. 42 No. 5, 2008.

Warner, Michael. "Wanted: A Definition of "Intelligence"." Center for the Study of

Intelligence, CSI Publications Vol. 46 No. 3, 2007.

Download

Share

COinS