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Abstract

Stunting is a significant issue for nations, affecting both public health and economic development. It results from a combination of direct and indirect causes. The government addresses stunting through specific nutritional interventions targeting direct causes and sensitive nutritional interventions for indirect causes. Given the strong link between stunting and poverty, social assistance programs (BANSOS) such as the Family Hope Program (PKH) and Rice for the Poor (RASKIN) are crucial in combating stunting by improving socioeconomic conditions. This study analyzes the impact of these social assistance programs on stunting in children under five, using data from the 2007 and 2014 Indonesian Family Life Surveys (IFLS) and focusing on children aged 12-59 months. A logit model is employed to estimate the relationship between social assistance and stunting. Additionally, the study uses a combination of Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Difference-in-Differences (DID) to evaluate the effects of these programs, ensuring comparability between groups by matching characteristics of recipients and non-recipients. The results of the PSM-DID analysis indicate that social assistance programs increase the likelihood of stunting by 4.8% (99% CI). These findings suggest that improvements in program design are necessary to ensure income effect effectively drive behavioral changes that help reduce stunting.

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Bahasa Abstract

Stunting adalah permasalahan besar bagi negara karena berdampak pada kesehatan bangsa hingga kemampuan ekonomi negara. Stunting disebabkan oleh faktor langsung dan tidak langsung. Pemerintah melakukan intervensi gizi spesifik untuk mengatasi penyebab langsung dari stunting dan intervensi gizi sensitif untuk mengatasi penyebab tidak langsung stunting. Stunting adalah masalah yang erat kaitannya dengan kemiskinan maka pemerintah berupaya mengatasi stunting melalui melalui program bantuan sosial (BANSOS) yang terdiri dari Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dan Beras untuk Keluarga Miskin (RASKIN). Penelitian ini menganalisis dampak program BANSOS sebagai intervensi gizi sensitif terhadap status stunting pada balita dengan menggunakan data sampel yang diambil dari Indonesian Family Live Surveys (IFLS) tahun 2007 dan 2014 dengan sampel balita umur 12-59 bulan. Model logit digunakan untuk mengestimasi hubungan antara program BANSOS dan faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan stunting. Metode kombinasi Propensity Score Matching (PSM) dan Difference-in-Differences (DID) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi dampak program bantuan sosial terhadap status stunting pada anak. Kombinasi ini dilakukan untuk memenuhi parallel trend assumption dengan cara mencocokkan karakteristik antara kelompok penerima dan non-penerima program BANSOS. Hasil dari PSM-DID menunjukkan bahwa program BANSOS memberikan dampak pada peningkatan probabilitas balita stunting sebesar 4,8% (99% CI). Oleh karena itu, perlu perbaikan desain program BANSOS agar income effect yang diterima melalui program BANSOS dapat mengubah perilaku masyarakat.

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