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Abstract

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are more constrained to export than their large counterparts and SMEs' limited participation in export market is more prevalent in developing than in developed countries. Extant literature suggests that SMEs encounter a set of export inhibiting factors distinct to those faced by large firms and therefore accurate identification of export barriers is crucial in fostering SMEs export. This study investigates the export barriers faced by Indonesian SMEs. The evidences were collected from 271 exporting SMEs and 226 non-exporting SMEs in seven provinces in Jawa, Madura and Bali regions. The results show that the types and severities of export barriers perceived or encountered by SMEs vary across export stages and across products/industries. Further, export barriers can be distinguished by their general or specific nature. The policy and managerial implications of the findings are discussed.

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Bahasa Abstract

Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) lebih terkendala dalam melakukan ekspor dibanding usaha skala besar. Peran UKM yang terbatas dalam ekspor lebih banyak ditemui di negara berkembang dibanding di negara maju. Literatur yang ada menunjukkan bahwa UKM menghadapi serangkaian hambatan ekspor yang jenisnya berbeda dengan yang dihadapi oleh perusahaan besar dan oleh karena itu identifikasi yang akurat terhadap hambatan ekspor sangat penting dalam mendorong ekspor UKM. Studi ini menggunakan data survei terhadap 271 UKM eksportir dan 226 UKM non-eksportir di tujuh propinsi di Jawa, Madura dan Bali untuk menyelidiki hambatan yang dihadapi dalam melakukan ekspor. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa jenis dan tingkat kesulitan hambatan ekspor yang dipersepsikan atau dihadapi oleh UKM tergantung dari tahapan kegiatan ekspornya atau produk/ industrinya. Hambatan ekspor juga dapat dibedakan berdasarkan sifat umum atau spesifiknya. Studi ini juga membahas implikasi akademis, kebijakan dan manajerial dari hasil analisis data.

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