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Abstract

Many countries support government policies to encourage tourism sector, including ASEAN countries, due to an assumption that tourism contributes positively to GDP and poverty reduction. This study investigates that assumption, as well as the correlation between tourism and HDI, by applying panel data regression to eight ASEAN countries (Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Laos Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam,) during 1998-2013. We found that the number of international tourist arrivals as a proxy variable for tourism have a significant and positive correlation with poverty reduction. Tourism is also proven to increase GDP per capita (albeit in a smaller magnitude) and increase HDI (in an even smaller scale). These findings confirmed our hypothesis on the positive effects of tourism. It is recommended that the tourist promotion is continued while studying the best practices to strategically develop the tourism sector in order to strengthen the positive correlation.

References

[1] ASEAN 2015, ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2016–2025, ASEAN, Jakarta. Retrieved from http://www.asean.org/storage/2012/05/ATSP-20162025.pdf.

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[7] Jaforullah, M 2015, ’International tourism and economic growth in New Zealand’, Economics Discussion Papers Series No. 1502, University of Otago. Retrieved from https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/5603.

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[10] UNWTO 2015a, UNWTO Annual Report 2015, United Nations World Tourism Organization. Retrieved from http://www2.unwto.org/publication/unwto-annual-report2015.

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Bahasa Abstract

Banyak negara menerapkan kebijakan pemerintah yang mendorong sektor turisme termasuk negara-negara ASEAN, dengan berlandaskan asumsi bahwa turisme berkontribusi positif efeknya terhadap PDB dan pengentasan kemiskinan adalah positif. Studi ini menyelidiki asumsi tersebut dan juga menguji korelasi antara turisme dengan variable Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) di delapan negara ASEAN (Brunei, Filipina, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Singapura, dan Thailand) selama 1998–2013. Kami menemukan bahwa kedatangan turis internasional sebagai variabel proksi dari turisme berkorelasi signifikan dan positif dengan pengentasan kemiskinan. Turisme juga terbukti meningkatkan PDB per kapita (walaupun dengan efek yang lebih kecil) dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (dalam efek yang lebih kecil lagi). Temuan-temuan ini menunjukan bahwa hipotesa adanya dampak-dampak positif dari turisme terbukti. Direkomendasikan untuk meneruskan aktivitas turisme sambil menelaah kebijakan untuk dapat memperkuat korelasi positif dari turisme.

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