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Abstract

Background: Singapore faces pressures from rapid urbanization, climate change, and digital economic transformation amid limited land and resources. As both a city-state and global economic hub, Singapore develops adaptive strategies that balance growth, sustainability, and competitiveness through technology-driven governance and long-term planning.

Aims: This study analyzes Singapore’s adaptation strategies in addressing urban, environmental, and digital economic challenges while evaluating policy effectiveness and limitations within the frameworks of the global city, state capitalism, and sustainability governance.

Methods: A qualitative literature review and SWOT analysis were conducted using secondary data from academic journals and policy reports. The analysis focuses on the integration of spatial, environmental, and economic policies as instruments of global city adaptation.

Results: Findings reveal three main pillars: environmental resilience through innovation, smart urbanization via smart city and transit-oriented development, and economic resilience through high-tech industrial diversification and nationwide digitalization. Policies such as carbon taxation, adaptive drainage, NEWater, and the Smart Nation Initiative have enhanced national competitiveness and resilience. Challenges remain—foreign labor dependence, high living costs, digital energy consumption, and social inequality due to automation.

Conclusion: Singapore’s adaptive strategy positions it as a model smart sustainable global city in Asia. Through state control, technological innovation, and sustainability-oriented governance, Singapore expands the global city paradigm under state capitalism. The study implies that urban sustainability depends not only on technological and market efficiency but also on the capacity of state and society to foster adaptive, collaborative, and equitable governance.

Bahasa Abstract

Latar Belakang: Singapura menghadapi tekanan dari urbanisasi pesat, perubahan iklim, dan transformasi ekonomi digital di tengah keterbatasan lahan serta sumber daya alam. Sebagai kota–negara dan simpul ekonomi global, Singapura mengembangkan strategi adaptasi yang menyeimbangkan pertumbuhan, keberlanjutan, dan daya saing melalui tata kelola berbasis teknologi serta perencanaan jangka panjang.

Tujuan: Kajian ini menganalisis strategi adaptasi Singapura terhadap tantangan urbanisasi, lingkungan, dan ekonomi digital dengan meninjau efektivitas serta keterbatasan kebijakan dalam kerangka teori global city, state capitalism, dan sustainability governance.

Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi literatur dan analisis SWOT terhadap data sekunder dari jurnal akademik dan laporan kebijakan. Analisis berfokus pada keterpaduan kebijakan ruang, lingkungan, dan ekonomi sebagai instrumen adaptasi kota global.

Hasil: Kajian menunjukkan bahwa strategi adaptasi Singapura mencakup tiga pilar: ketahanan lingkungan berbasis inovasi, urbanisasi cerdas melalui konsep smart city dan transit-oriented development, serta ketahanan ekonomi melalui diversifikasi industri berteknologi tinggi dan digitalisasi nasional. Kebijakan seperti pajak karbon, sistem drainase adaptif, NEWater, dan Smart Nation Initiative memperkuat daya saing dan ketahanan nasional. Namun, tantangan masih ada seperti ketergantungan pada tenaga kerja asing, biaya hidup tinggi, konsumsi energi digital, dan kesenjangan sosial akibat otomatisasi.

Kesimpulan: Strategi adaptasi Singapura menempatkan negara ini sebagai model smart sustainable global city di Asia. Melalui kendali negara, inovasi teknologi, dan tata kelola berorientasi keberlanjutan, Singapura memperluas teori kota global di bawah rezim state capitalism. Implikasi penelitian menegaskan bahwa keberlanjutan kota global tidak hanya bergantung pada efisiensi teknologi dan pasar, tetapi juga pada kapasitas negara dan masyarakat membangun tata kelola adaptif, kolaboratif, dan berkeadilan.

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