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Abstract

Background. Smoking remains a significant health problem in Indonesia. Although anti-smoking information is disseminated through various media, exposure levels and effectiveness among adults are not clearly documented.

Objective. To describe the proportion of anti-smoking information exposure among Indonesian adults by media type (television, radio, billboards, newspaper/magazines, internet, and others) and compare exposure between smokers and non-smokers using GATS 2021 data.

Methods. Cross-sectional study using Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indonesia 2021 data. A total of 9,156 respondents aged ≥15 years were analyzed descriptively to determine exposure proportions by smoking status across multiple media channels.

Results. Television showed the highest exposure (40.0%), followed by billboards (34.7%) and internet (21.5%). Radio (4.3%) and newspapers/magazines (8.2%) demonstrated the lowest exposure. Smokers reported slightly higher exposure (62.7%) compared to non-smokers (58.6%). Respondents also reported exposure from community settings including markets, schools, health clinics, hospitals, and public areas.

Conclusion. Anti-smoking information exposure is unevenly distributed across media and population groups, indicating that health communication strategies should prioritize high-reach media relevant to adult populations.

References

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Bahasa Abstract

Latar Belakang. Merokok masih menjadi masalah kesehatan signifikan di Indonesia. Meskipun informasi bahaya merokok tersebar melalui berbagai media, tingkat paparan dan efektivitas penyampaiannya pada orang dewasa belum tergambar secara jelas.

Tujuan. Mendeskripsikan proporsi paparan informasi bahaya merokok pada orang dewasa di Indonesia berdasarkan jenis media (televisi, radio, papan reklame, koran/majalah, internet, dan media lain) dan membandingkan paparan antara kelompok perokok dan bukan perokok menggunakan data GATS 2021.

Metode. Studi potong lintang menggunakan data Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Indonesia 2021. Sebanyak 9.156 responden berusia ≥15 tahun dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk mengetahui proporsi paparan informasi melalui televisi, radio, koran/majalah, papan reklame, internet, dan media lainnya berdasarkan status merokok.

Hasil. Televisi memiliki paparan tertinggi (40,0%), diikuti papan reklame (34,7%) dan internet (21,5%). Radio (4,3%) dan koran/majalah (8,2%) menunjukkan paparan terendah, dengan missing data yang relatif tinggi. Kelompok perokok memiliki proporsi paparan sedikit lebih besar (62,7%) dibandingkan bukan perokok (58,6%). Responden juga melaporkan paparan dari berbagai media lain seperti pasar, sekolah/kampus, puskesmas, rumah sakit, spanduk lingkungan, dan area publik lainnya.

Kesimpulan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa distribusi paparan tidak merata antar-media maupun antar-kelompok, sehingga strategi komunikasi kesehatan perlu mempertimbangkan media dengan jangkauan luas dan relevan bagi populasi dewasa.

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