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Abstract

Indonesia and Egypt are the two countries with the highest prevalence rates of Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting (FGM/C) in the world. Several policies have been issued in order to reduce the number of cases of female circumcision, but they have not shown significant results. Therefore, the authors want to explain why the implementation of the anti-FGM/C policy has not succeeded in reducing the number of female circumcisions in Indonesia and Egypt. The authors argue that the leading cause of these problems is that the anti-FGM/C policies in both countries neglect the socio-cultural aspects of society, and both countries share cultural similarities in how they view women. Circumcision is not only seen as a way to purify or glorify women but is also seen as a repressive measure to limit the freedom and rights of women's bodily autonomy. In addition, a decisive view of religion also influences the high demand for female circumcision. This condition provides different experiences for women in the two countries than other countries implementing anti-FGM/C policies. The position of women in Indonesia and Egypt who are still bound by cultural and religious values makes them more vulnerable to experiencing female circumcision because they do not have the choice of women in other regions.

Bahasa Abstract

Indonesia dan Mesir adalah dua negara dengan tingkat prevalensi Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting (FGM/C) tertinggi di dunia. Beberapa kebijakan telah dikeluarkan dalam rangka menekan angka kasus sunat perempuan, tetapi belum menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin menganalisis mengapa implementasi kebijakan anti-FGM/C tidak berhasil menurunkan angka sunat perempuan di Indonesia dan Mesir. Penulis berargumen bahwa penyebab utama permasalahan tersebut adalah karena kebijakan anti-FGM/C di kedua negara tidak memperhatikan aspek sosial-budaya di masyarakat secara menyeluruh. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian yang menemukan bahwa kedua negara memiliki kesamaan budaya dalam memandang perempuan. Sunat tidak hanya dianggap sebagai cara untuk menyucikan atau memuliakan perempuan, tetapi juga dianggap sebagai tindakan represif untuk membatasi kebebasan dan hak otonomi tubuh perempuan. Selain itu, pandangan yang kuat terhadap agama juga berpengaruh terhadap masih tingginya permintaan sunat perempuan. Kondisi ini kemudian memberikan pengalaman yang berbeda pada perempuan-perempuan di kedua negara dibandingkan dengan negara lainnya yang sudah menerapkan kebijakan anti-FGM/C. Posisi perempuan di Indonesia dan Mesir yang masih terikat dengan nilai budaya dan agama membuat mereka lebih rentan mengalami sunat perempuan karena tidak memiliki pilihan seperti perempuan di kawasan lainnya.

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