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Abstract

Fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) are used as raw materials for palm oil, and their transport from a field is a critical step to maintain their quality. Fruit integrity should be maintained so the mill can efficiently obtain palm oil with less than 5% free fatty acid content. Physical treatments for FFBs during loading to truck bins and transport may cause physical injuries. This research aimed to map fruit bruises. The map can be used as a basis in managing transport of FFBs. Physical injuries were assessed by bruise index (BI), which was calculated by measuring the bruise area and weight of the fruit. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. The treatments included truck type (wood bin or steel bin), truck age (more and less than 5 years), and FFB position in the truck bin (bottom, middle, top layer, front, center, or rear). Data were described by graphical method and analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA. Results indicated loosen fruits and increased bruising of matured fruits loaded to the truck bin. BI (1.97–2.07) was not significantly different among FFBs placed in different positions in the truck bin. Nevertheless, FFB at the middle position showed higher degree of bruising than FFBs at the other positions. Fruit bruise was more prevalent when FFBs were transported by an old truck (>5years) rather than by a young truck, with BI values of 2.01 and 1.82, respectively.

Bahasa Abstract

Pemetaan Tingkat Memar Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) Kelapa Sawit Selama Pemuatan dan Pengangkutan dari Lahan ke Pabrik. Tandan Buah Segar (TBS) adalah bahan baku minyak kelapa sawit, dan pengangkutannya dari lahan ke pabrik merupakan salah satu tahapan kritis dalam mempertahankan kualitasnya. Keutuhan buah harus dijaga agar pabrik minyak kelapa sawit (PMKS) dapat memprosesnya menjadi minyak berkadar asam lemak bebas (ALB) kurang dari 5% dengan efisien. Perlakuan fisik terhadap TBS selama pemuatan ke bak truk dan pengangkutan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan kerusakan (memar) buah selama proses muat-angkut. Peta ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar pengelolaan transport TBS. Kerusakan fisik ini diindikasikan dengan indeks memar (IM), yang dihitung berdasarkan luas memar dan berat buah. Percobaan penelitian dilakukan mengikuti metode Rancang Acak Lengkap, dengan 5 ulangan setiap perlakuan. Perlakuan meliputi jenis bak truk (kayu dan baja), usia truk (lebih dan kurang dari 5 th), dan posisi TBS dalam bak truk (dasar, tengah, atas). Data disajikan secara grafis dan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat kenaikan jumlah buah lepas dari tandan (membrondol) dan buah luka dengan semakin matangnya buah (fraksi semakin tinggi). Pada buah yang semakin matang, nilai titik runtuhan dan batas luluh biologis semakin rendah, dari 10 N sampai 190 N. Berdasarkan posisi TBS di bak truk, tidak tampak perbedaan kerusakan karena posisi TBS, di dasar bak, tengah, maupun di lapisan atas, yaitu IM berkisar 1.97-2,07. Buah cenderung rusak lebih berat bila diangkut dengan truk berumur tua (lebih dari 5 tahun) daripada dengan truk masih muda (< 5th), dicirikan dengan indeks memar 2,01 berbanding 1,82.

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