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Abstract

Decarbonization of electrical infrastructure s becoming increasingly important in efforts to meet climate change mitigation targets, particularly in reducing emissions from substations. However, conventional substations continue to release significant quantities of GHG emissions throughout their life cycle As an example, a typical 500 kV substation emits around 150,000 tCO2e from construction to decommissioning. In addition, the development of green substation concepts remains limited, particularly in Indonesia where standardized approaches are not yet established. In response to the need for more sustainable power infrastructure, this study aims to identify, classify, and review all types of green technologies, practices, and innovations that can enhance conventional substation design, with the aim of reducing life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. An integrative literature review was conducted by synthesizing recent peer-reviewed studies related to green technologies and sustainable infrastructure. The identified technologies are categorized into seven groups, including Green materials, Efficient Construction Methods, Water Management, Thermal Management, Renewable Energy, Smart Monitoring System, and Low-Emission Equipment. The findings indicate that several technologies, such as Geopolymer Concrete as a replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Concrete, prefabricated construction to replace concrete columns and beams, implementation of passive design strategies for the substation building, and photovoltaic (PV) integration on substation roof to partially replace the grid electricity consumption have significant potential to reduce the GHG emissions across the substation life cycle. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of green technologies, practices, and innovations that can be proposed as practical recommendations for the implementation in substation, contributing to the development of sustainable power infrastructure.

Bahasa Abstract

Dekarbonisasi infrastruktur ketenagalistrikan menjadi semakin penting dalam upaya mendukung kebijakan perubahan iklim, khususnya dalam pengurangan emisi dari gardu induk. Namun, gardu induk konvensional masih menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) yang signifikan sepanjang siklus hidupnya. Sebagai contoh, gardu induk 500 kV pada umumnya menghasilkan sekitar 150.000 tCO2e sejak tahap konstruksi hingga dekomisioning. Selain itu, pengembangan konsep gardu induk hijau masih terbatas, terutama di Indonesia yang hingga saat ini belum memiliki pendekatan terstandarisasi. Menanggapi kebutuhan akan infrastruktur ketenagalistrikan yang lebih berkelanjutan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasikan, dan meninjau berbagai jenis teknologi, praktik, serta inovasi hijau yang dapat meningkatkan desain gardu induk saat ini dengan tujuan mengurangi emisi yang dihasilkan. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tinjauan literatur dengan mensintesis berbagai studi terkini terkait teknologi hijau dan infrastruktur berkelanjutan. Teknologi yang teridentifikasi dikategorikan ke dalam tujuh kelompok, yaitu material hijau, metode konstruksi efisien, manajemen air, manajemen termal, energi terbarukan, sistem pemantauan cerdas, dan peralatan inovatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa teknologi, seperti beton geopolimer sebagai pengganti beton Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), konstruksi prefabrikasi sebagai pengganti kolom dan balok beton, penerapan strategi desain pasif pada bangunan gardu induk, serta integrasi photovoltaic (PV) pada atap gardu induk untuk menggantikan sebagian konsumsi listrik dari jaringan, memiliki potensi signifikan dalam mengurangi emisi GRK sepanjang siklus hidup gardu induk. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai teknologi, praktik, dan inovasi hijau yang dapat diusulkan sebagai rekomendasi praktis untuk implementasi pada gardu induk, sehingga berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan infrastruktur ketenagalistrikan yang berkelanjutan.

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