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Abstract

The Kepulauan Seribu regency relies heavily on sea transportation for passenger mobility and goods distribution. However, current systems face efficiency challenges, high operational costs, and potential imbalances between demand and service capacity. This study proposes a framework to optimize sea transportation services in the Kepulauan Seribu using the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) method, especially the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem – Many Single Depot (CVRP–MSD) model with heterogeneous fleets and mixed cargo (passenger and goods). The main objective is to minimize total operating costs, which include fixed costs of using the vessel and variable travel costs, and unmet demand, both passenger and goods. The model was formulated to determine the ideal number of ships to operate, design the most efficient shipping routes that connect depots in Jakarta with destination islands, address capacity limitations for passenger and goods transport, and minimize unmet demand. Analysis based on analogue studies shows that the application of the VRP model has the potential to significantly reduce transportation costs, increase fleet utilization, and provide quantitative data on service capacity shortages, thus allowing for better planning to meet the entire demand.

Bahasa Abstract

Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu sangat mengandalkan transportasi laut untuk mobilitas penumpang dan distribusi barang. Namun, sistem saat ini menghadapi tantangan efisiensi, biaya operasional yang tinggi, dan potensi ketidakseimbangan antara permintaan dan kapasitas layanan. Penelitian ini mengusulkan kerangka kerja untuk mengoptimalkan layanan transportasi laut di Kepulauan Seribu menggunakan metode Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), khususnya model Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem – Many Single Depot (CVRP–MSD) dengan armada heterogen dan kargo campuran (penumpang dan barang). Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk meminimalkan total biaya operasional yang mencakup biaya tetap penggunaan kapal dan biaya variabel perjalanan, serta permintaan yang tidak terpenuhi, baik penumpang maupun barang. Model ini dirumuskan untuk menentukan jumlah kapal yang ideal untuk dioperasikan, merancang rute pelayaran paling efisien yang menghubungkan depot di Jakarta dengan pulau-pulau tujuan, mengatasi keterbatasan kapasitas untuk transportasi penumpang dan barang, dan meminimalkan permintaan yang tidak terpenuhi. Analisis berdasarkan studi analog menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model VRP berpotensi mengurangi biaya transportasi secara signifikan, meningkatkan pemanfaatan armada, dan memberikan data kuantitatif tentang kekurangan kapasitas layanan, sehingga memungkinkan perencanaan yang lebih baik untuk memenuhi seluruh permintaan.

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