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Abstract

The development of housing in Indonesia, growing rapidly due to urbanization and population growth, faces challenges in terms of land, labor, and housing backlog. Despite being innovative, modular prefabrication methods are limited by unattractive designs and high costs, slowing down construction, harming the productivity of construction companies, and hindering the growth of the national construction sector. These challenges are prevalent in various countries and are influenced by low knowledge, conservative mindsets, and inhibiting regulations. In Indonesia, additional issues include a lack of mastery of modular prefabrication methods and awareness of long-term benefits. This research identified innovative risk-based applications of modular prefabrication with an ISO approach to improve project performance. The methodology employed includes a literature review, a questionnaire survey, and phased expert validation. The study found that out of 38 risk factors based on the 4 processes of implementing modular prefabrication methods, the average risk assessment is high. As a result, 5 innovations are proposed as efforts to reduce risk assessments. The research analyzed data from various literature, resulting in low inter-data connectivity. However, the processes and outcomes of this research can be relied upon for further understanding in subsequent research. This study combined proposed new innovations with those from external literature that have the potential to be applied in Indonesia for optimizing the cost efficiency of modular prefabrication methods.

Bahasa Abstract

Pembangunan perumahan di Indonesia, yang tumbuh pesat karena urbanisasi dan pertumbuhan penduduk, menghadapi kendala lahan, tenaga kerja, dan backlog perumahan. Meskipun inovatif, metode prefabrikasi modular terbatas oleh desain kurang menarik dan biaya tinggi, memperlambat pembangunan, merugikan produktivitas perusahaan konstruksi, dan menghambat pertumbuhan sektor konstruksi nasional. Tantangan ini terjadi di berbagai negara dan dipengaruhi oleh rendahnya pengetahuan, pola pikir konservatif, dan peraturan yang menghambat. Di Indonesia, tambahan masalah adalah kurangnya penguasaan metode prefabrikasi modular dan kesadaran akan manfaat jangka panjang. Penelitian kali ini mengidentifikasi inovasi penerapan prefabrikasi modular berbasis risiko dengan pendekatan ISO untuk meningkatkan kinerja proyek. Metodolgi yang dipakai adalah studi literatur dengan survey kuesioner serta validasi pakar bertahap. Penelitian menemukan dari 38 faktor risiko berdasarkan 4 proses penerapan metode prefabrikasi modular memiliki rerata asesmen risiko tinggi sehingga diajukan 5 inovasi sebagai upaya menurunkan evaluasi risiko. Penelitian ini menganalisis data dari beberapa literatur berbeda sehingga keterkaitan antar data rendah. Namun proses dan hasil dari penelitian ini dapat diandalkan untuk pemahaman penelitian selanjutnya. Penelitian ini mengkombinasikan usulan inovasi baru serta inovasi dari literatur luar yang memiliki potensi diaplikasikan di Indonesia sebagai optimalisasi efisiensi kinerja biaya penerapan metode prefabrikasi modular.

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