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Abstract

The expansion of urban areas is closely related to environmental problems such as changes in land use, flooding, and land subsidence. Semarang is a city with reasonably rapid development and a high land change experiencing floods and land subsidence. This paper will discuss land transformation caused by urban growth and its implications. It uses a combination of geospatial techniques and cloud computing Google Earth Engine (GEE) to carry out mapping over a large area without being constrained by computer capabilities. This study found that the built-up area in 2010 occupied 36.27% of the city, and it went up to 59.79% in 2021, in eastern, south-eastern, and northern parts of Semarang City in the last six years. Most of the built-up areas, especially those located in coastal areas, are located in areas with a high rate of land subsidence and urban flooding. The built-up area also significantly increases residential areas compared to other land cover types such as vegetation, open land, and water bodies. Built-up area growth also contributes to the rate of land conversion in Semarang City, especially in Mijen Regency; the vegetation cover was transformed into industrial areas and housing, which heavily stressed the land and environment. This leads to the increasing subsidence on the land of that area, which resulted in increasing tidal floods or rob.

Bahasa Abstract

Perluasan wilayah perkotaan erat kaitannya dengan permasalahan lingkungan seperti perubahan penggunaan lahan, banjir, dan penurunan permukaan tanah. Semarang merupakan kota dengan perkembangan yang cukup pesat dan perubahan lahan yang tinggi serta mengalami banjir dan penurunan permukaan tanah. Artikel ini akan membahas transformasi lahan yang disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan perkotaan dan implikasinya menggunakan kombinasi teknik geospasial dan komputasi awan Google Earth Engine (GEE). Sedangkan untuk visualisasi dan analisisnya menggunakan software GIS. Studi ini menemukan bahwa kawasan terbangun pada tahun 2010 menempati 36,27% wilayah kota, dan meningkat menjadi 59,79% pada tahun 2021, di wilayah timur, tenggara, dan utara Kota Semarang dalam enam tahun terakhir. Sebagian besar kawasan terbangun, terutama yang berada di wilayah pesisir, berada di wilayah dengan tingkat penurunan permukaan tanah yang tinggi. Luas lahan terbangun juga meningkat secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan tipe tutupan lahan lainnya seperti vegetasi, lahan terbuka, dan badan air. Pertumbuhan kawasan terbangun juga berkontribusi terhadap laju konversi lahan di Kota Semarang, khususnya di Kabupaten Mijen; tutupan vegetasi diubah menjadi kawasan industri dan perumahan, yang memberikan tekanan besar pada lahan dan lingkungan. Hal ini menyebabkan semakin meningkatnya amblesan tanah di wilayah tersebut, sehingga mengakibatkan semakin meningkatnya banjir di perkotaan Semarang.

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