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Abstract

Tobacco extract had been proven to have antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. To maximize the use of tobacco extract on topical use as an antibacterial, it could be formulated into a pharmaceutical preparation. This study aimed to formulate tobacco extract in gel preparation by using Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) as a gelling agent and to test its activity on S. mutans. The tobacco extract gel was prepared in 3 formulas with variations of HPMC concentration of 1.5% (F1), 2% (F2) and 2.5% (F3). The research began with tobacco extraction, then continued with characteristics evaluation. The extract was formulated in gel form and evaluated for 12 weeks of physical stability. Antibacterial activity was tested using the diffusion method. The evaluation results of tobacco extract gel showed that all formulas were stable during 12 weeks storage. Antimicrobial activity against S.mutans showed inhibitory diameter of F1, F2 and F3, were 9,07 mm, 19,53 mm, and 11,57 mm respectively. The test was continued by determining the relative potential of F2 compared to erythromycin. The test results showed 1.2 x 10-2 relative potential compare to erythromycin. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that HPMC concentration difference did not give significant difference to the physical stability of tobacco gel, with the best antibacterial activity on S. mutans obtained from F2.

Bahasa Abstract

Ekstrak tembakau memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Untuk memaksimalkan pemakaian ekstrak tembakau pada penggunaan topikal sebagai antibakteri maka perlu dibuat suatu sediaan farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak tembakau dalam sediaan gel dengan menggunakan Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) sebagai gelling agent serta menguji aktivitasnya terhadap S. mutans. Gel ekstrak tembakau dibuat dalam 3 formula dengan perbedaan konsentrasi HPMC yaitu, 1,5% (F1), 2% (F2) dan 2,5% (F3). Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan ekstrak tembakau, kemudian diuji karakteristiknya. Ekstrak yang diperoleh diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan gel dan dievaluasi stabilitas fisiknya selama 12 minggu serta diuji aktivitas antibakterinya dengan menggunakan metode difusi. Hasil evaluasi gel ekstrak tembakau menunjukkan bahwa seluruh formula gel ekstrak tembakau stabil selama penyimpanan. Uji aktivitas terhadap S. mutans diperoleh diameter hambat berturut-turut pada F1, F2 dan F3, yaitu sebesar 9,07 mm, 19,53 mm, dan 11,57 mm. Pengujian dilanjutkan dengan penentuan potensial relatif F2 dibandingkan terhadap eritromisin. Hasil pengujian didapatkan potensi relatif sebesar 1,2 x 10-2 kali dibandingkan eritromisin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa perbedaan konsentrasi HPMC tidak memberikan perbedaan secara bermakna terhadap stabilitas fisik gel ekstrak tembakau, dengan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. mutans terbaik didapatkan pada F2. Kata Kunci : ekstrak tembakau; gel; HPMC; Streptococcus mutans

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