•  
  •  
 

Abstract

This research investigates how two movies, both entitled Ala Kachuu (2018 and 2002), represent ala kachuu, i.e. a tradition of bride kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan. Even though the Kyrgyz government has formally banned this practice since 2016, which is considered as a form of forced marriage, it still exists and is practiced by some Kyrgyz. This research used the qualitative method coupled with the mise-en-scène cinematographic technique. By using Stuart Hall’s representation theory (1997) and Mansour Fakih’s gender inequality theory (2008) as analysis tools, this study concludes that both movies represent ala kachuu as a tradition which promotes gender inequality. Moreover, they also represent it as a tradition that leads to various forms of violence against women in Kyrgyzstan.

Bahasa Abstract

Penelitianini menginvestigasi bagaimana film Alaa Kachuu (2008, dan 2020) merepresentasikan tradisi ala kachuu,sebuah tradisi penculikan perempuan untuk dijadikan isteri di Kirgizstan. Walaupun sejak tahun 2016 pemerintah Kirgizstan telah secara resmi melarang tradisi ini, yang dianggap sebagai bentuk pernikahan secara paksa, tradisi ala kachuuini masih tetap dilakukan dan disalah-artikan penggunaannya oleh sebagian masyarakat Kirgizstan. Penelitian film ini mengunakan metode kualitatif, dilengkapi dengan teknik sinematografi mise-en-scène. Melalui penerapan teori representasi Stuart Hall (1997) dan teori ketidaksetaraan gender Mansour Fakih (2008) sebagai pisau analisis, hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kedua film merepresentasikan tradisi alaa kachuusebagai sebuah tradisi yang tidak berkesetaraan gender, dan menyebabkan hadirnya berbagai bentuk kekerasan pada kaum perempuan Kirgizstan.

References

Asian Development Bank. 2019. Kyrgyz Republic Country Gender Assessment. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TCS190593-2

Aisarakunova, A. 2010. Globalization and Krygyz Traditional Culture.https://www.jstor.org/stable/41928528.

Borbieva, N. 2012. Kidnapping Women: Discourses of Emotion and SocialChange in the Kyrgyz Republic. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236695372_Kidnapping_Women_Discourses_of_Emotion_and_Social_Change_in_the_Kyrgyz_Republic.

Bordwell, D., &Thompson, K. 2013. Film Art: An Introduction(10rded). New York: McGraw–Hill

Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. 2018. Report of the inquiry concerning the Kyrgyz Republic under article 8 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women.

Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. 2017. Bride Kidnapping in The Kyrgyz Republic. Maret 17, 2022. https://www.csce.gov/international-impact/bride-kidnapping-kyrgyz-republic#:~:text=Each%20year%20in%20Kyrgyzstan%2C%20an,are%20raped%20in%20the%20process.

Creswell, J. W. 2009. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods

approaches (3rd ed.).California: Sage Publications, Inc.

Elfira, M. 2021. Gender dan Budaya Patriaki. (Youtube). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEAVxQVA6Q8

Fakih, M. 2008. Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Hall, S. 1997. Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices.

Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Inc.

Hiro, D. 2009.INSIDE CENTRAL ASIA A POLITICAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN, TURKMENISTAN, KAZAKHSTAN, KYRGYZSTAN, TAJIKISTAN, TURKEY, AND IRAN. Overlook Duckworth, New York. London.

Human Right Watch. 2006. Bride-kidnapping. Maret 14, 2022. https://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/kyrgyzstan0906/3.htm#_ftn347.

Hussain, N. 2012. Ala Kachuu: The Kidnapping of a Woman’s Choice. http://www.the-platform.org.uk/2012/01/24/ala-kachuu-the-kidnapping-of-a-woman%E2%80%99s-choice/.

Kim, E., & Frank G. K. 2021. Bound to be grooms: the imbrication of economy, ecology, and bride kidnapping in Kyrgyzstan. doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2020.1829561.

Kleinbach, R., Ablezova, M., & Aitieva, M. 2005. Kidnapping for marriage (ala kachuu) in a Kyrgyz village. Central Asian Survey, 24(2), 191–202. doi:10.1080/02634930500155138

Lathrop, B. G., & Sutton, D. O. 2013. Elements of mis-en-scene. Film Study Journal, (2), 1–7. http://www. proseproductionsink.com/1102_Licata_ Elements_of_Mise-en-scene_modified.pdf.

Muktarbek. A. 2016. Gender Aspects of the Households’ Saving Behavior in the Kyrgyz Republic. National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Minority Rights Group International, Kyrgyzstan. (2018). https://www.minorityrights.org/country/kyrgyzstan.

Pramaggiore, M., & Wallis, T. 2008. Film: A Critical Introduction, Second Edition. Laurence King Publishing Ltd.

Pratto, F.,& Stewart, A. L. 2011. Social dominance theory.The Encyclopedia of Peace Psychology. DOI:10.1002/9780470672532.wbepp253

Ridgeway, C. L., & Smith-Lovin, L. 1999. THE GENDER SYSTEM AND INTERACTION. Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), 191–216. doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.191

Shils, E. 1971. Tradition. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 13(02), 122. doi:10.1017/s0010417500006186

Steiner, S.,&Charles M. B. 2019. How marriages based on bride capture differ:

Evidence from Kyrgyzstan. DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH. https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol41/20/default.htm.

Thieme, S. 2008. Living in Transition: How Kyrgyz Women Juggle Their Different Roles in a Multi-local Setting. Gender, Technology and Development 12(3), 325–345. doi: 10.1177/097185240901200303

Thompson, R., &Christopher B. 2009 Grammar of the Shot 2ndEdition. New York: Focal Press.

United Nations. 2022. End of mission statement by the Working Group on discrimination against women and girls visit to Kyrgyzstan.https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements-and-speeches/2022/04/end-mission-statement-working-group-discrimination-against-women.

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund. (2019).I never said “YES” The story of Aisuluu, a survivor of bride kidnapping.https://www.unicef.org/eca/node/4731.

UNWOMEN. 2013.New law in Kyrgyzstan toughens penalties for bride kidnapping.https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2013/2/new-law-in-kyrgyzstan-toughens-penalties-for-bride-kidnapping.

Download
COinS